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Verkäufer: anddownthewaterfall ✉️ (34.226) 99.8%, Artikelstandort: Manchester, GB, Versand nach: WORLDWIDE, Artikelnummer: 315551731437 Prinz Harry & Meghan Silber Hochzeitsmünze Medaille Lilibet Diana die Kronkönigin UK. After the service the coffin, with a new wreath from the King on the top, was pulled in procession to the Wellington Arch at Hyde Park Corner and transferred to the royal hearse for the drive to St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle for a service. Prince Harry & Megan Royal Wedding Coin Uncirculated Silver Plated Commemoration Coin Has a Black and White Photo of the Couple from their Wedding Day With the words "Prince Henry of Wales & Ms Megan Markle" There is a love heart at the bottom with the date of their wedding "19 May 2018" The other side has an image of the let Queen Elizabeth II The coin is 40mm in diameter, weighs about 1 oz Comes with air-tight acrylic coin holder Deluxe Coin Jewel Case. In Excellent Condition Would make an Excellent Gift or Collectable Keepsake to Remember a Very Special Couple Like all my auctions bidding starts at a Penny... With No Reserve..If your the only bidder you win it for 1p....Grab a Bargain!!!! This Uncirculated Commemoration Coin is 40mm in diameter, weighs about 1 oz Comes in air-tight acrylic coin holder. Would make a great gift inside a Birthday Card, Christmas Card, Good Luck Card ....etc In Excellent Condition Bidding starts at a penny with no reserve.... ......If you bid 1p and your the only bidder you will win it for a penny...... ........Grab a Bargain!! I also have this in gold plus more Russian coins on Ebay so Please... Check out my other items ! Bid with Confidence please read my 100% Positive feedback from over 28,000 satisfied customer Read how quickly they receive their items - I post all my items within 24 hours of receiving payment International customers are welcome. I have shipped items to over 120 countries International orders may require longer handling time if held up at customs If there is a problem I always give a full refund Returns are accepted If your unhappy with your item please return it for a full refund I am a UK Seller with 6 Years of eBay Selling Experience Why not treat yourself? I always combine multiple items and send an invoice with discounted postage I leave instant feedback upon receiving yours All payment methods accepted from all countries in all currencies Are you looking for a Interesting conversation piece? A birthday present for the person who has everything? A comical gift to cheer someone up? or a special unique gift just to say thank you? You now know where to look for a bargain! Be sure to add me to your favourites list ! Please click here If you want to take a look at my other ebay auctions other items ! ALL of my auctions start at a penny with No Reserve Good Luck with the Bidding! I have sold items to coutries such as Afghanistan * Albania * Algeria * American Samoa (US) * Andorra * Angola * Anguilla (GB) * Antigua and Barbuda * Argentina * Armenia * Aruba (NL) * Australia * Austria * Azerbaijan * Bahamas * Bahrain * Bangladesh * Barbados * Belarus * Belgium * Belize * Benin * Bermuda (GB) * Bhutan * Bolivia * Bonaire (NL) * Bosnia and Herzegovina * Botswana * Bouvet Island (NO) * Brazil * British Indian Ocean Territory (GB) * British Virgin Islands (GB) * Brunei * Bulgaria * Burkina Faso * Burundi * Cambodia * Cameroon * Canada * Cape Verde * Cayman Islands (GB) * Central African Republic * Chad * Chile * China * Christmas Island (AU) * Cocos Islands (AU) * Colombia * Comoros * Congo * Democratic Republic of the Congo * Cook Islands (NZ) * Coral Sea Islands Territory (AU) * Costa Rica * Croatia * Cuba * Curaçao (NL) * Cyprus * Czech Republic * Denmark * Djibouti * Dominica * Dominican Republic * East Timor * Ecuador * Egypt * El Salvador * Equatorial Guinea * 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Montserrat (GB) * Morocco * Mozambique * Myanmar * Namibia * Nauru * Navassa (US) * Nepal * Netherlands * New Caledonia (FR) * New Zealand * Nicaragua * Niger * Nigeria * Niue (NZ) * Norfolk Island (AU) * North Korea * Northern Cyprus * Northern Mariana Islands (US) * Norway * Oman * Pakistan * Palau * Palestinian Authority * Panama * Papua New Guinea * Paraguay * Peru * Philippines * Pitcairn Island (GB) * Poland * Portugal * Puerto Rico (US) * Qatar * Reunion (FR) * Romania * Russia * Rwanda * Saba (NL) * Saint Barthelemy (FR) * Saint Helena (GB) * Saint Kitts and Nevis * Saint Lucia * Saint Martin (FR) * Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FR) * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * Samoa * San Marino * Sao Tome and Principe * Saudi Arabia * Senegal * Serbia * Seychelles * Sierra Leone * Singapore * Sint Eustatius (NL) * Sint Maarten (NL) * Slovakia * Slovenia * Solomon Islands * Somalia * South Africa * South Georgia (GB) * South Korea * South Sudan * Spain * Sri Lanka * Sudan * Suriname * Svalbard (NO) * Swaziland * Sweden * Switzerland * Syria * Taiwan * Tajikistan * Tanzania * Thailand * Togo * Tokelau (NZ) * Tonga * Trinidad and Tobago * Tunisia * Turkey * Turkmenistan * Turks and Caicos Islands (GB) * Tuvalu * U.S. Minor Pacific Islands (US) * U.S. Virgin Islands (US) * Uganda * Ukraine * United Arab Emirates * United Kingdom * United States * Uruguay * Uzbekistan * Vanuatu * Vatican City * Venezuela * Vietnam * Wallis and Futuna (FR) * Yemen * Zambia * Zimbabwe and major cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, New York City, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Mexico City, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto, Manila, Mumbai, Delhi, Jakarta, Lagos, Kolkata, Cairo, Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Moscow, Shanghai, Karachi, Paris, Istanbul, Nagoya, Beijing, Chicago, London, Shenzhen, Essen, Düsseldorf, Tehran, Bogota, Lima, Bangkok, Johannesburg, East Rand, Chennai, Taipei, Baghdad, Santiago, Bangalore, Hyderabad, St Petersburg, Philadelphia, Lahore, Kinshasa, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Madrid, Tianjin, Kuala Lumpur, Toronto, Milan, Shenyang, Dallas, Fort Worth, Boston, Belo Horizonte, Khartoum, Riyadh, Singapore, Washington, Detroit, Barcelona,, Houston, Athens, Berlin, Sydney, Atlanta, Guadalajara, San Francisco, Oakland, Montreal, Monterey, Melbourne, Ankara, Recife, Phoenix/Mesa, Durban, Porto Alegre, Dalian, Jeddah, Seattle, Cape Town, San Diego, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Rome, Naples, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Tel Aviv, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lisbon, Manchester, San Juan, Katowice, Tashkent, f*ckuoka, Baku, Sumqayit, St. Louis, Baltimore, Sapporo, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Taichung, Warsaw, Denver, Cologne, Bonn, Hamburg, Dubai, Pretoria, Vancouver, Beirut, Budapest, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Campinas, Harare, Brasilia, Kuwait, Munich, Portland, Brussels, Vienna, San Jose, Damman , Copenhagen, Brisbane, Riverside, San Bernardino, Cincinnati and Accra Prince Harry Duke of Sussex (more) Prince Harry at age 35 The Duke of Sussex in 2019 Born Prince Henry of Wales 15 September 1984 (age 38) St Mary's Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom Spouse Meghan Markle (m. 2018) Issue Archie Mountbatten-Windsor Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor Names Henry Charles Albert David[fn 1] House Windsor Father Charles III Mother Diana Spencer Education Eton College Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Defence Helicopter Flying School Signature Prince Harry's signature.svg Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service/branch British Army Years of active service 2005–2015 Rank See list Service number 564673 Unit Blues and Royals 662 Squadron 3 Regiment Army Air Corps Battles/wars War in Afghanistan Operation Herrick Awards Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan Royal family of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex,[fn 2] KCVO (Henry Charles Albert David; born 15 September 1984)[2] is the younger son of Charles III and his first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales. He is fifth in the line of succession to the British throne. Harry was educated at Wetherby School, Ludgrove School, and Eton College. He spent parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho, then underwent officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother William and completed training as a troop leader. In 2007–2008, he served for over ten weeks in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–2013 with the Army Air Corps. In June 2015, he resigned from the army. Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014 and remains the patron of its foundation. He also gives patronage to several other organisations, including the HALO Trust and Walking With The Wounded.[3] To encourage people to open up about their mental health issues, Harry, alongside his brother and sister-in-law Catherine, initiated the mental health awareness campaign "Heads Together" in April 2016.[4] In 2018, Harry was made Duke of Sussex prior to his wedding to American actress Meghan Markle. They have two children, Archie and Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor. In January 2020, the couple stepped down as senior members of the royal family and moved to the duch*ess's native Southern California. In October 2020, they launched Archewell Inc., an American public organisation that focuses on non-profit activities and creative media ventures. Together with his wife, Harry also sat down for a much publicised interview with Oprah Winfrey in March 2021, with whom he also produced the mental health documentary series The Me You Can't See. He and his wife also filmed the documentary series Harry & Meghan, released in December 2022. Harry's memoir Spare was published by Penguin Random House in 2023. Early life A 1985 Seychellois stamp depicting Harry with his great-grandmother Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother at his christening Prince Harry was born in the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 as the second child of the Prince of Wales (later King Charles III) and his first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, during the reign of his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II.[5][6][fn 3] He was christened Henry Charles Albert David on 21 December 1984 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie.[fn 4] Growing up, he was referred to as "Harry" by family, friends, and the public, and was nicknamed "Harold" by his brother.[10] Harry and his elder brother, William, were raised at Kensington Palace in London, and Highgrove House in Gloucestershire.[11][12] Diana wanted him and his brother to have a broader range of experiences and a better understanding of ordinary life than previous royal children. She took them to venues that ranged from Walt Disney World and McDonald's to AIDS clinics and homeless shelters.[13] He began accompanying his parents on official visits at an early age; his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985.[14] He also travelled with his family to Canada in 1991 and 1998.[15][16] Harry's parents divorced in 1996. His mother died in a car crash in Paris the following year. Harry and William were staying with their father at Balmoral at the time, and the Prince of Wales told his sons about their mother's death.[17] At his mother's funeral, Harry, then aged 12, accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and maternal uncle Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, in walking behind the funeral cortège from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey.[18] Education Like his father and brother, Harry was educated at independent schools. He started at London's Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School.[19] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School in Berkshire. After passing entrance exams, he was admitted to Eton College. The decision to place Harry at Eton went against the past practice of the Mountbatten-Windsors to send children to Gordonstoun, which Harry's grandfather, father, two uncles, and two cousins had attended. It did, however, see Harry follow in his older brother's footsteps and the Spencer family's, as both Diana's father and brother attended Eton.[13] As was the case with his brother, the royal family and the tabloid press agreed Harry would be allowed to study free from intrusion in exchange for occasional photograph opportunities in what became known as the "pressure cooker agreement".[20] In June 2003, Harry completed his education at Eton with two A-Levels,[21] achieving a grade B in art and D in geography, having decided to drop history of art after AS level.[22] He has been described as "a top tier athlete", having played competitive polo and rugby union.[23] One of his former teachers, Sarah Forsyth, has asserted that he was a "weak student" and that staff at Eton conspired to help him cheat on examinations.[24][25] Both Eton and Harry denied the claims.[24][26] While a tribunal made no ruling on the cheating claim, it "accepted the prince had received help in preparing his A-level 'expressive' project, which he needed to pass to secure his place at Sandhurst."[24][27] Harry also joined the Combined Cadet Force while studying at Eton and was made cadet officer in his final year, leading the corps' annual parade at the Eton tattoo.[28] After school, Harry took a gap year, during which he spent time in Australia working as a jackaroo on a cattle station, and participating in the Young England vs Young Australia Polo Test match.[29][30] He also travelled to Lesotho, where he worked with orphaned children and produced the documentary film The Forgotten Kingdom: Prince Harry in Lesotho.[31][32] Military career Sandhurst; Blues and Royals; deployment to Afghanistan Officer Cadet Wales (standing next to the horse) on parade at Sandhurst, 21 June 2005 Harry passed the Regular Commissions Board (RCB) in September 2004 and entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 8 May 2005, where he was known as Officer Cadet Wales, and joined Alamein Company.[33][34] In April 2006, Harry completed his officer training and was commissioned as a Cornet (second lieutenant) in the Blues and Royals, a regiment of the Household Cavalry in the British Army. On 13 April 2008, when he reached two years' seniority, Harry was promoted to lieutenant.[35] In 2006, it was announced that Harry's unit was scheduled to be deployed in Iraq the following year. A public debate ensued as to whether he should serve there. In April 2006, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry would be shielded from the front line if his unit was sent to war, with a spokeswoman stating that he was expected to "undertake the fullest range of deployments", but his role needed to be monitored as "his overt presence might attract additional attention" that would put him or those he commanded at risk.[36] Defence Secretary John Reid said that he should be allowed to serve on the front line of battle zones. Harry agreed saying, "If they said 'no, you can't go front line' then I wouldn't drag my sorry ass through Sandhurst and I wouldn't be where I am now."[37] Harry completed the Troop Leaders' Course in October 2006 and rejoined his regiment in Windsor, where he was put in charge of a troop of 11 soldiers and four Scimitar reconnaissance vehicles.[38] The Ministry of Defence and Clarence House made a joint announcement on 22 February 2007 that Harry would be deployed with his regiment to Iraq, as part of the 1st Mechanised Brigade of the 3rd Mechanised Division – a move supported by Harry, who had stated that he would leave the army if he was told to remain in safety while his regiment went to war.[39] The head of the British army at the time, General Sir Richard Dannatt, said on 30 April 2007 that he had personally decided that Harry would serve with his unit in Iraq as a troop commander,[40][41] and Harry was scheduled for deployment in May or June 2007 to patrol the Maysan Governorate.[42] By 16 May, however, Dannatt announced that Harry would not serve in Iraq;[43] concerns included Harry being a high-value target (as several threats by various groups had already been made against him) and the dangers the soldiers around him would face should any attempt be made on his life or if he was captured. Clarence House made public Harry's disappointment with the decision, though he said he would abide by it.[44] In early June 2007, it was reported that Harry had arrived in Canada to train alongside soldiers of the Canadian Forces and British Army, at CFB Suffield near Medicine Hat, Alberta. It was said that this was in preparation for a tour of duty in Afghanistan, where Canadian and British forces were participating in the NATO-led Afghan War.[45] This was confirmed in February of the following year when the British Ministry of Defence revealed that Harry had been secretly deployed as a Forward Air Controller to Helmand Province in Afghanistan for the previous ten weeks.[46][47] The revelation came after the media – notably, German newspaper Bild and Australian magazine New Idea[48][49] – breached the blackout placed over the information by the Canadian and British authorities.[50] He was immediately pulled out due to the fear that the media coverage would put his security and the security of fellow soldiers at risk.[51][52] It was later reported that Harry helped Gurkha troops repel an attack from Taliban insurgents,[53] and performed patrol duty in hostile areas while in Afghanistan.[54][55][56] His tour made Harry the first member of the British royal family to serve in a war zone since his uncle, Prince Andrew, who flew helicopters during the Falklands War. For his service, his aunt, Princess Anne, presented Harry with an Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan at the Combermere Barracks in May 2008.[57] Army Air Corps and second deployment to Afghanistan In October 2008, it was announced that Harry would follow his brother, father and uncle in learning to fly military helicopters.[58][59] Harry attended the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, where he joined his brother.[60] Prince Charles presented him with his flying brevet (wings) on 7 May 2010 at a ceremony at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop.[61] Harry was awarded his Apache Flying Badge on 14 April 2011.[62] On 16 April 2011, it was announced that Harry had been promoted to captain.[63] In June 2011, Clarence House announced that Harry would be available for deployment in current operations in Afghanistan as an Apache helicopter pilot. The final decision rested with the Ministry of Defence's senior commanders, including principally the Chief of the Defence Staff in consultation with the wishes of Harry, the Prince of Wales, and the Queen.[64] In October, he was transferred to a US military base in California to complete his helicopter gunship training.[65] This final phase included live-fire training and "environmental and judgment training" at naval and air force facilities in California and Arizona.[66] In the same month, it was reported that Harry was top of his class in extensive training undertaken at the Naval Air Facility, El Centro, California.[67] While training in Southern California, he spent time in San Diego.[68] In November 2011, Harry returned to England. He went to Wattisham Airfield in Suffolk, in the east of England, to complete his training to fly Apache helicopters.[69] On 7 September 2012, Harry arrived at Camp Bastion in southern Afghanistan as part of the 100-strong 662 Squadron, 3 Regiment, Army Air Corps,[70] to begin a four-month combat tour as a co-pilot and gunner for an Apache helicopter.[71] On 10 September, within days of arriving in Afghanistan, it was reported that the Taliban had threatened his life. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid spoke to Reuters and was quoted as saying: "We are using all our strength to get rid of him, either by killing or kidnapping." He added, "We have informed our commanders in Helmand to do whatever they can to eliminate him."[72] On 18 September 2012, it was reported that Harry had been moved to a safe location after an attack by the Taliban on Camp Bastion that killed two US marines.[73] Defence Secretary Philip Hammond stated that "additional security arrangements" were put in place, for Harry could be a potential target, but added that he would face "the same risk as any other Apache pilot" while in combat.[74] On 21 January 2013, it was announced that Harry was returning from a 20-week deployment in Afghanistan.[75] He described his deployment as "a joy for me because I'm one of those people who loves playing PlayStation and Xbox, so with my thumbs I like to think I'm probably quite useful".[76] On 8 July 2013, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had successfully qualified as an Apache aircraft commander.[77] Harry compared operating the Apache's weapons systems in Afghanistan to playing video games.[76][78] He also discussed killing insurgents while piloting his Apache helicopter, and added "we fire when we have to, take a life to save a life, but essentially we're more of a deterrent than anything else".[79] Harry later revealed in his 2023 memoir Spare that he flew on six missions that resulted in him killing 25 Taliban members, whom he did not view as "people" but instead as "chess pieces" that had been taken off the board. He added that "It's not a number that gave me any satisfaction. But neither was it a number that made me feel ashamed."[80] Harry's revelations prompted backlash from both Taliban members and British politicians and military figures.[81][82] Abdul Qahar Balkhi, the spokesperson for Afghanistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, responded to the claims via a statement: "The western occupation of Afghanistan is truly an odious moment in human history and comments by Prince Harry is a microcosm of the trauma experienced by Afghans at the hands of occupation forces who murdered innocents without any accountability."[83] Anas Haqqani, a leader of the Taliban movement, stated "We checked and found that the days on which Prince Harry is mentioning the killing of 25 mujaheddin, we did not have any casualties in Helmand. It is clear that civilians and ordinary people were targeted."[84] Figures such as Andrew Neil, Mark Borkowski, and Conservative MP Bob Stewart questioned his decision to give away his track record in Afghanistan, stating that it would put both him and his family at risk.[82] Colonel Tim Collins reacted to the revelations by stating "That's not how you behave in the army; it's not how we think. Harry has now turned against the other family, the military, that once embraced him, having trashed his birth family."[85] Colonel Richard Kemp believed that Harry's "words will be fed into Jihadist propaganda to carry out attacks against the UK."[86] Lord Darroch, former National Security Adviser, stated that "he would have advised against" Harry giving away such details.[85] Lord West of Spithead, former head of the Royal Navy, called Harry "very stupid" for publishing his claims and stated that there could be "serious security issues" for veterans at the Invictus Games, as the games are associated with Harry.[87] Tobias Ellwood, the chairman of the Defence Select Committee and former British Army captain, warned of the "security repercussions", while former defence secretary Lord Hutton of Furness believed that speaking about how many people he had killed "diminishes him."[86] General Sir Richard Barrons, the former Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff, stated that "there are things that happen on the battlefield and there's no great advantage in saying anything public."[86] Following the publishing of Harry's claims, Pen Farthing, a British former Royal Marines commando and founder of the Nowzad Dogs charity, was evacuated from Kabul on 6 January 2023 to avoid "potential reprisal attacks on ex-forces people."[88][89] HQ London District and Invictus Games Harry (left) talking to an injured soldier at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, US; 15 May 2013 On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps, and would take up a staff officer role, SO3 (Defence Engagement) in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to coordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London.[90] On 6 March 2014, Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10–14 September 2014.[91] Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House in Wiltshire for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014.[92] On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, from where he tweeted on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of the Games.[93] To promote the Games, he was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: "[The Invictus Games] is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off." The show aired on 31 July 2014.[94] Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games.[95] Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014.[96][97] As president of the Invictus Games, he attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.[98] In January 2015, it was reported that Harry would take on a new role in supporting wounded service personnel by working alongside members of the London District's Personal Recovery Unit for the MOD's Defence Recovery Capability scheme to ensure that wounded personnel have adequate recovery plans. The palace confirmed weeks later[99] that the scheme was established in partnership with Help for Heroes and the Royal British Legion.[100] In late January 2015, Harry visited The Battle Back Centre[101] set up by the Royal British Legion, and Fisher House UK at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. A partnership between Help for Heroes, the Fisher House Foundation and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) Charity created the Centre.[102] Fisher House Foundation is one of the Invictus Games' sponsors.[103] In February and March 2015, Harry visited Phoenix House in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, a recovery centre run by Help for Heroes. He also visited Merville Barracks in Colchester, where Chavasse VC House Personnel Recovery Centre is located, run by Help for Heroes in partnership with the Ministry of Defence and Royal British Legion.[104] Secondment to Australian Defence Force Harry in New South Wales, May 2015 On 17 March 2015, Kensington Palace announced that Harry would leave the Armed Forces in June.[105] Before then, he would spend four weeks throughout April and May at army barracks in Darwin, Perth and Sydney whilst seconded to the Australian Defence Force (ADF). After leaving the Army, while considering his future, he would return to work in a voluntary capacity with the Ministry of Defence, supporting Case Officers in the Ministry's Recovery Capability Programme. He would be working with both those who administer and receive physical and mental care within the London District area.[106][107] On 6 April 2015, Harry reported for duty to Australia's Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin at the Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra, Australia.[108] Harry flew to Darwin later that day to begin his month-long secondment to the ADF's 1st Brigade. His visit included detachments to NORFORCE as well as to an aviation unit.[109] While in Perth, he trained with Special Air Service Regiment (SASR), participating in the SASR selection course, including a fitness test and a physical training session with SASR selection candidates. He also joined SASR members in Perth for live-fire shooting exercises with numerous Special Forces weapons at a variety of ranges. Harry completed an insertion training exercise using a rigid-hull inflatable boat. In Sydney, he undertook urban operations training with the 2nd Commando Regiment. Training activities included remotely detonating an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and rappelling from a building. He also spent time flying over Sydney as co-pilot of an Army Black Hawk helicopter and participated in counter-terrorism training in Sydney Harbour with Royal Australian Navy clearance divers.[110] Harry's attachment with the ADF ended on 8 May 2015,[111] and on 19 June 2015 he resigned his short service commission.[112][113] Post-military service In New Zealand, 2018 In 2021, Harry described his 10 years (2005–2015) in the army as "the happiest times in my life".[114] Since leaving the army, he has been closely involved with the armed forces through the Invictus Games, honorary military appointments and other official engagements. On 19 December 2017, he succeeded his grandfather Prince Philip as the Captain General Royal Marines.[115] In May 2018, he was promoted to the substantive ranks of Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Navy, Major of the British Army and Squadron Leader of the Royal Air Force.[116] On 18 January 2020, Buckingham Palace announced that an agreement had been reached for Harry "to step back from Royal duties, including official military appointments".[117] In February 2021, the Palace confirmed that the Duke would give up his position as Captain General Royal Marines and hand back all the other honorary military appointments.[118] Personal life Bachelorhood In his 2023 memoir Spare, Harry claims that he lost his virginity during a brief sexual encounter at age 17 with an older horse-loving woman in a field behind a pub.[119][120] In an interview in 2022, English actress and model Elizabeth Hurley denied that she had been the woman rumoured to be involved.[121] Chelsy Davy, the daughter of Zimbabwean, South Africa-based businessman Charles Davy, was referred to as Harry's girlfriend in an interview conducted for his 21st birthday, and Harry said he "would love to tell everyone how amazing she is but once I start talking about that, I have left myself open.... There is truth and there is lies and unfortunately I cannot get the truth across."[122] Davy was present when Harry received his Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan[57] and also attended his graduation ceremony when he received his flying wings from his father.[61] In early 2009, it was reported the pair had parted ways after a relationship that had lasted for five years.[123] In his 2023 memoir, Harry states that months after breaking up with Davy he was introduced to Caroline Flack, whom he described as "funny", "sweet", and "cool".[124] The two saw each other for a while before press intrusion "tainted" their relationship "irredeemably".[124] In May 2012, Harry's cousin Princess Eugenie introduced him to Cressida Bonas, an actress and model who is the granddaughter of Edward Curzon, 6th Earl Howe.[125] On 30 April 2014, it was reported that the couple had parted amicably.[126] Marriage and fatherhood Further information: Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Prince Harry and Markle on Christmas Day, 2017 In mid-2016,[127] Prince Harry began a relationship with American actress Meghan Markle.[128][129][130] According to the couple, they first connected with each other via Instagram,[131] though they have also said that they were set up on a blind date by a mutual friend in July 2016.[127] On 8 November, eight days after the relationship was made public by the press, the prince directed his communications secretary to release a statement on his behalf to express personal concern about pejorative and false comments made about his girlfriend by mainstream media and internet trolls.[132][133] In September 2017, Prince Harry and Markle first appeared together in public at the Invictus Games in Toronto.[134][135] Their engagement was announced on 27 November 2017 by Harry's father Prince Charles.[136][137][128][138] The announcement prompted generally positive comments about having a mixed-race person as a member of the royal family,[139] especially in regard to Commonwealth countries with populations of blended or native ancestry.[140] On 19 May 2018, the marriage ceremony was held at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[141][142] The couple later revealed in the 2021 television interview Oprah with Meghan and Harry that, three days prior to the ceremony, they had privately exchanged vows in their garden, in the presence of the Archbishop of Canterbury.[143] However, this earlier exchange of vows was not an official religious or legally recognised marriage.[144][145] It was reportedly agreed in advance that excess funds generated from the BBC broadcast of the wedding ceremony would go to a charity chosen by the newlywed couple.[146] In April 2020, Feeding Britain (which provides food packages to families in food poverty) was nominated to receive £90,000 from the BBC.[147] The Duke and duch*ess initially lived at Nottingham Cottage in London, on the grounds of Kensington Palace.[148] In May 2018, it was reported that they had signed a two-year lease on WestfieldLarge, located on the Great Tew Estate in the Cotswolds.[149] They gave up the lease after photos of the house and its interior were published by a paparazzi agency.[149] The couple considered settling at the 21-bedroom Apartment 1 within the grounds of Kensington Palace,[150][151] but instead moved to Frogmore Cottage in the Home Park of Windsor Castle.[152][153] The Crown Estate refurbished the cottage at a cost of £2.4 million, paid out of the Sovereign Grant, with the Duke later reimbursing expenses beyond restoration and ordinary maintenance.[154][155][156] On 6 May 2019, the Duke and duch*ess's son Archie Mountbatten-Windsor was born.[157] Their office was moved to Buckingham Palace and officially closed on 31 March 2020 when the Sussexes ceased "undertaking official engagements in support of the Queen".[158][159] After some months in Canada and the United States, the couple bought a house in June 2020 on the former estate of Riven Rock in Montecito, California.[160][161] The next month, the duch*ess suffered a miscarriage.[162] On 4 June 2021, their daughter Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor was born.[163] The Duke and duch*ess own a Labrador named Pula, and two Beagles named Guy and Mamma Mia, respectively.[164][165] Harry is godfather to "five or six" children, including the daughters of Major Nicholas van Cutsem (the son of Hugh van Cutsem) and Jake Warren, his mother's godson, whose father is the Queen's horse racing manager.[166][167] He became godfather to Charlie van Straubenzee's firstborn daughter in May 2020.[168] Wealth and inheritance At the time of the announcement of Harry and Meghan's decision to "step back" as senior members of the royal family in 2020, 95% of the couple's income derived from the £2.3 million given to them annually by Harry's father, Charles, as part of his income from the Duchy of Cornwall.[169] Harry and his brother William inherited the "bulk" of the £12.9 million left by their mother on their respective 30th birthdays, a figure that had grown since her 1997 death to £10 million each in 2014.[170][171] In 2002, The Times reported that Harry would also share with his brother a disbursem*nt of £4.9 million from trust funds established by their great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, on their respective 21st birthdays and would share a disbursem*nt of £8 million upon their respective 40th birthdays.[172] It was reported that Harry would inherit the bulk of the money left by the Queen Mother for the two brothers, as William is set to ascend to the throne, which will bring him additional financial benefits.[173] Harry's personal wealth was estimated at £30 million by The Daily Telegraph in 2020.[169] In 2014, Harry and William inherited their mother's wedding dress along with many of her other personal possessions, including dresses, diamond tiaras, jewels, letters, and paintings. The brothers also received the original lyrics and score of "Candle in the Wind", by Bernie Taupin and Elton John, as performed by John at Diana's funeral.[171] Health In November 2000, Harry broke his thumb while playing football at Eton and underwent a minor operation.[174] In his memoir, Spare, Harry admits that he took cocaine at the age of 17 but "It wasn't very fun, and it didn't make me feel especially happy as seemed to happen to others, but it did make me feel different."[175] In 2002, it was reported that, with Charles's encouragement, Harry had paid a visit to a drug rehabilitation unit to talk to drug addicts after it had emerged that he had been smoking cannabis and drinking at his father's Highgrove House and at a local pub in the summer of 2001.[176][177][178] He adds in his memoir that he smoked cannabis at Eton and in Kensington Palace gardens.[179] He also detailed taking magic mushrooms at a party at Courteney Cox's house in January 2016 and washing "them down with tequila", after which he had hallucinations in a lavatory and talked to the bin and the toilet.[180][181] In 2017 and during an appearance on Bryony Gordon's podcast Mad World, Harry acknowledged that with the support of his brother he had sought counselling years after his mother's death, stating: "It's all about timing. And for me personally, my brother, you know, bless him, he was a huge support to me. He kept saying this is not right, this is not normal, you need to talk to [someone] about stuff, it's OK".[182][183] Harry added that he had struggled with aggression, had suffered from anxiety during royal engagements, and had been "very close to a complete breakdown on numerous occasions".[182] He later added that he had taken up boxing as a way of coping with mental stress and "letting out aggression".[184] In another interview he stated that besides therapy he took alcohol to cope and used experimental drugs, such as "psychedelics, Ayahuasca, psilocybin, mushrooms."[185] He also stated that what he experienced after his mother's death "was very much" post-traumatic stress injury (PTSI).[186] In his mental-health television documentary, The Me You Can't See, which premiered in 2021, he added that he had undergone four years of therapy to address his mental health issues, having been encouraged to do so by his future wife after they had started dating.[187] He also mentioned that he had suffered from "panic attacks [and] severe anxiety" in his late 20s and that the heavy load of official visits and functions had eventually "led to burnout".[187] He further stated that he had been willing to drink and take drugs, adding that he "wasn't drinking Monday to Friday, but [he] would probably drink a week's worth in one day on a Friday or a Saturday night" to help him cope with his issues.[187] In 2021, the American journalist Katie Couric recounted in her memoir the substance of a meeting she had had with Harry, and alleged that, during her 2012 interview with him in Belize to mark the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, he had smelled of cigarettes and alcohol, which had seemed "to ooze from every pore" of his body.[188] In an episode of Armchair Expert, Harry attributed his mental health issues to the ineffective parenting style of previous generations and to the "genetic pain and suffering" passed down in his family, adding that he believed his issues stemmed from "the pain or suffering that perhaps my father or my parents had suffered".[189][190] In a February 2022 live stream for BetterUp, Harry stated that he meditated on a regular basis to maintain his mental health.[191] In his 2023 memoir, Harry described himself as an agoraphobe.[192] Political views Members of the British royal family are politically neutral by convention.[193] However, in September 2020, Harry and his wife released a video addressing American voters to "reject hate speech, misinformation and online negativity" in the 2020 United States presidential election, which was seen by some as an implicit endorsem*nt of Joe Biden.[194] Harry was the subject of a prank by the Russian comedy duo Vovan and Lexus, who posed as climate activist Greta Thunberg and her father during two phone calls on New Year's Eve and 22 January 2020.[195] During the conversations, Harry described his decision to leave the monarchy as "not easy" and criticised Donald Trump's stance on climate change and his support of the coal industry.[195] Harry identifies as a feminist.[196] As part of an interview with Gloria Steinem in August 2020, he was quoted as saying "You know that I'm a feminist too, right, Gloria? It's really important to me that you know that."[197] In May 2021, Harry was a guest on Dax Shepard and Monica Padman's podcast Armchair Expert during which he talked about the freedom of speech and laws related to it in the United States, stating "I've got so much I want to say about the First Amendment as I sort of understand it, but it is bonkers."[198] He added that it was "a huge subject and one which [he didn't] understand", emphasising that one could "capitalise or exploit what's not said rather than uphold what is said."[198] The comments were met by backlash from conservative Americans and Britons, prompting figures such as Ted Cruz, Dan Crenshaw, Nigel Farage, Candace Owens, Jack Posobiec, and Laura Ingraham to criticise him publicly.[198][199] In November 2021, in a panel at Wired's Re:Wired Conference, Harry claimed that a day before the January 6 United States Capitol attack he emailed Jack Dorsey, CEO of Twitter, and 'warned' of potential civil unrest, but had not received a response.[200][201] He added that he and Meghan were no longer on social media, and would avoid it "until things change".[202] In the same month, Conservative politician and MP Johnny Mercer, who was leading the efforts to waive visa fees for foreign-born UK veterans and their families, announced in the Commons that the Duke of Sussex was supportive of their proposal and viewed it as "morally right" and not as "a political intervention".[203] In June 2022, in an interview with Jessica Yellin for Vogue, Meghan described Harry's reaction to the Supreme Court of the United States's decision that abortion is not a protected constitutional right as "guttural".[204] Harry later condemned the decision as "rolling back of constitutional rights" in his address to the United Nations on Mandela Day in July 2022.[205] Associate justice of the Supreme Court Samuel Alito, who wrote the majority decision for the case, criticised foreign figures including Harry for their comments on "American law" during a speech.[206] Public life See also: List of official overseas trips made by Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, and Meghan, duch*ess of Sussex At Trooping the Colour, June 2013 At the age of 21, Harry became a Counsellor of State and began his duties in that capacity. On 6 January 2009, the Queen granted Harry and William their own royal household. Previously, William and Harry's affairs had been handled by their father's office at Clarence House in central London. The new household released a statement announcing they had established their own office at nearby St James's Palace to look after their public, military and charitable activities.[207] In March 2012, Harry led an official visit to Belize as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[208] He continued to the Bahamas and Jamaica, where the Prime Minister, Portia Simpson-Miller, was considering initiating a process of turning Jamaica into a republic.[209] He then visited Brazil to attend the GREAT Campaign.[210] Harry also played tambourine and took part in the music video for the song "Sing", which was released in May 2012 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee.[211] Between 9 and 15 May 2013, he made an official visit to the United States. The tour promoted the rehabilitation of injured American and UK troops, publicised his own charities and supported British interests. It included engagements in Washington, DC, Colorado, New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. He met survivors of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey.[212][213] In October 2013, he undertook his first official tour of Australia, attending the International Fleet Review at Sydney Harbour.[214] He also paid a visit to the Australian SAS HQ in Perth.[215] In May 2014, he visited Estonia and Italy. In Estonia, he visited Freedom Square in the capital Tallinn to honour fallen Estonian soldiers. He also attended a reception at the Estonian Parliament[216] and a NATO military exercise.[217] In Italy, Harry attended commemorations of the 70th anniversary of the Monte Cassino battles, in which Polish, Commonwealth and British troops fought.[218][219] On 6 November 2014, he opened the Field of Remembrance at Westminster Abbey,[220] a task usually performed by Prince Philip.[221] Before reporting for duty to the Australian Defence Force (ADF), Harry visited the Australian War Memorial in Canberra on 6 April 2015.[108] On 7 May 2015, he made a farewell walkabout at the Sydney Opera House and visited Macquarie University Hospital.[222][223] On 24–25 April 2015, he joined his father in Turkey to attend commemorations of the centenary of the Gallipoli Campaign.[224] On 28 October 2015, he carried out one day of engagements in the US. He launched the Invictus Games Orlando 2016 with First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden at Fort Belvoir.[225] He later attended an Invictus Games board meeting and a reception to celebrate the launch at the British Ambassador's Residence.[226] On 26 November 2015, as patron of Sentebale, Harry travelled to Lesotho to attend the opening of the Mamohato Children's Centre.[227] From 30 November to 3 December 2015, he made an official visit to South Africa.[228] He visited Cape Town, where he presented the insignia of the Order of the Companions of Honour to the Archbishop on behalf of the Queen.[229] Harry also played the Sentebale Royal Salute Polo Cup, at Val de Vie Estate in Cape Town, fundraising for Sentebale.[230] He visited Nepal 19–23 March 2016.[231] He stayed until the end of March 2016 to help rebuild a secondary school with Team Rubicon UK, and visited a Hydropower Project in Central Nepal.[232] The Duke with British prime minister Boris Johnson at the 2020 UK–Africa Investment Summit In April 2018, he was appointed Commonwealth youth ambassador, a position which he held until March 2020.[233][234] Also in that month, Harry became a patron of Walk of America, a campaign which brings together a number of veterans who will take part in a 1,000-mile expedition across the US in mid-2018.[235][236] The Prince was appointed the president of The Queen's Commonwealth Trust, which focuses on projects involving children and welfare of prisoners, in April.[237] Periodically, online QCT chat sessions were conducted and uploaded to YouTube for general public viewing.[238] He remained the charity's president until February 2021.[118] In July 2018, Harry travelled to Dublin, Ireland, alongside his wife Meghan, which marked their first overseas visit as a couple.[239][240] In October 2018, the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex travelled to Sydney, Australia, for the 2018 Invictus Games.[241] This formed part of a Pacific tour that included Australia, Fiji, Tonga and New Zealand.[242][243] During their visit to Morocco in February 2019, the Duke and duch*ess focused on projects centred on "women's empowerment, girls' education, inclusivity and encouragement of social entrepreneurship".[244] As part of establishing a separate office from Kensington Palace in 2019, the Duke and duch*ess created an Instagram social media account, which broke the record for the fastest account at the time to reach a million followers.[245] During his trip to Angola in 2019, the Duke visited the Born Free to Shine project in Luanda, an initiative by First Lady Ana Dias Lourenço which aims to "prevent HIV transmission from mothers to babies" through education, medical testing and treatment. He also met HIV+ youth and teenagers during his visit.[246] During his visit to the Luengue-Luiana National Park, the Duke unveiled an initiative by the Queen's Commonwealth Canopy to help with protecting "an ancient elephant migration route" by providing safe passage for them in the forest.[247] In September and October 2019, a Southern African tour included Malawi, Angola, South Africa and Botswana. Because infant son Archie travelled with the Sussexes, this was "their first official tour as a family".[248] Stepping back See also: Megxit In January 2020, the Duke and duch*ess announced that they were stepping back from their role as senior members of the royal family, and would balance their time between the United Kingdom and North America.[249][250] A statement released by the Palace confirmed that the Duke and duch*ess were to become financially independent and cease to represent the Queen.[251] The couple retain their HRH stylings but are not permitted to use them.[251] The formal role of the Duke and duch*ess was subject to a twelve-month review period, ending in March 2021. In March 2020, Harry attended the opening of the Silverstone Experience in Silverstone Circuit together with racing driver Lewis Hamilton. Harry's appearance at the museum was his final solo engagement as a senior royal.[252] He and Meghan attended the Commonwealth Day service at Westminster Abbey on 9 March 2020, which was their last engagement as a couple before they officially stepped down on 31 March. Two years later, they made their first official appearance in the UK in June 2022 while attending the Platinum Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving.[253] They visited the UK and Germany in September 2022 for a number of charity events in Manchester and Düsseldorf.[254] On 8 September 2022, while Harry and Meghan were in London preparing to attend a charity event, Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland. Meghan stayed in London and the couple chose not to attend the charity event that night, while Harry headed to Balmoral.[255] On 10 September 2022, the Prince and Princess of Wales were joined by the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex at Windsor to view the tributes to the Queen and spent time talking to the crowds. This was the first time since March 2020 that the two couples had been seen together.[256] Civilian career and investments In summer 2019, before announcing their decision to step back in January 2020, Harry and his wife were involved in talks with Jeffrey Katzenberg, the founder of the now-defunct streaming platform Quibi, over a possible role in the service without gaining personal profits, but they eventually decided against joining the project.[257] In September 2019, it was reported that the couple had hired New York-based PR firm Sunshine Sachs, which represented them until 2022.[258][259][260] In June 2020, they signed with the Harry Walker Agency, owned by media company Endeavor, to conduct paid public speaking engagements.[261] In September 2020, the Sussexes signed a private commercial deal with Netflix "to develop scripted and unscripted series, film, documentaries, and children programming for the streaming service".[262] In October 2020, the couple hosted a special episode of Time 100 Talks with the theme being on "Engineering a Better World".[263][264] In December 2020, the Duke and duch*ess signed a multi-year deal with Spotify to produce and host their own programs through their audio producing company, Archewell Audio.[265] A holiday special was released by the couple on the service in December 2020.[266] Harry & Meghan, a docuseries about the Sussexes, was produced by Netflix and the couple's Archewell Productions and premiered on 8 December 2022. It is directed by Liz Garbus.[267] The series received mixed reviews, with critics pointing out it was in contrast with the couple's wishes for privacy.[268] In March 2021, San Francisco-based mental health start-up BetterUp, a company that helps people get in contact with coaches or counsellors, said that Harry would become its first chief impact officer; he "will help promote mental fitness and expand the company's roster of coaches and customers, among other duties". Harry added that he had been working with a BetterUp coach himself and found it "invaluable."[269][270] In the same month, Harry was appointed as a commissioner for the Aspen Institute's Commission on Information Disorder to carry out a six-month study on the state of misinformation and disinformation in the United States.[271] The study was published in November 2021 as a report with 15 recommendations.[272] In the following month, in his capacity as BetterUp's chief impact officer, Harry was interviewed by Fast Company, stating that the recent trend of people leaving their jobs (known as the Great Resignation) was something that needed to be celebrated, though his remarks were criticised for coming from a position of privilege.[273][274] In April 2022, reports emerged of criticism by the company's coaches over the new metrics placed for evaluating their services and over the opacity surrounding Harry's actual role in the firm.[275] In April 2019, it was announced that Harry was working as co-creator and executive producer on a documentary series about mental health together with Oprah Winfrey, which was initially set to air in 2020 on Apple TV+.[276] It was later announced that the series, titled The Me You Can't See, would be released on 21 May 2021.[277] In the following month, UCAS reported an increase in the percentage of students declaring mental health issues on their university applications, citing self-help books and Prince Harry's statements on his struggles with "panic attacks and anxiety" as contributing factors.[278] In September 2021, Harry and Meghan went to New York, where they visited the 9/11 Memorial with New York governor Kathy Hochul and New York City mayor Bill de Blasio, and held meetings with the U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed and the U.S. ambassador to the U.N. Linda Thomas-Greenfield.[279][280] In October 2021, Harry and Meghan announced their partnership with Ethic, a sustainable investment firm based in New York City, which also manages the couple's investments.[281][282] According to state filings from Delaware, where the couple's Archewell foundation is registered, Harry and Meghan incorporated 11 companies and a trust beginning in early 2020 which include Orinoco Publishing LLC and Peca Publishing LLC to hold the rights for their books as well as Cobblestone Lane LLC and IPHW LLC which are holders of their foundation's logos.[283] In July 2021, it was announced that Harry was set to publish his memoir Spare via Penguin Random House, with part of the proceeds from sales going to charity and Harry reportedly earning an advance of at least $20 million.[284][285] Spare was ghostwritten by novelist J. R. Moehringer.[286][287] The memoir is reportedly the first of a four-book publishing deal that is set to include a second book by Harry and a wellness guide by Meghan.[288] Spare was due to be published on 10 January 2023,[289] however, the Spanish edition En La Sombre (In The Shadow) accidentally reached the shelves in Spain, on 5 January 2023, five days before the heavily publicised official launch. The Spanish edition was hurriedly and urgently withdrawn from display.[290][291][292] Spare is to be published in 16 languages, and it has since become the UK's fastest selling non-fiction book with 400,000 confirmed sales in all formats on publication day.[293][294] Harry has announced that $1.5 million of the proceeds from the memoir are pledged to the charity Sentebale,[295] while £300,000 will be given to WellChild.[296] Charity work Humanitarian and environmental activities In 2006, he was in Lesotho to visit Mants'ase Children's Home near Mohale's Hoek, which he first toured in 2004. Along with Prince Seeiso of Lesotho, he launched Sentebale: The Princes' Fund for Lesotho, a charity to aid children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. He has granted his patronage to organisations including WellChild, Dolen Cymru, MapAction and the London Marathon Charitable Trust; he stepped down from MapAction in 2019 and the London Marathon Charitable Trust in 2021.[297][298][299] In 2007, William and Harry organised the Concert for Diana, in memory of their mother, which benefited the charities and patronages of Diana, William, and Harry.[300] In October 2008, Harry and his brother embarked on the 1,000 mile eight-day Enduro Africa motorbike ride across South Africa to raise money for Sentebale, UNICEF and the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund.[301] In September 2009, William and Harry set up The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to enable the princes to take forward their charitable ambitions.[302][303][304] Harry left the charity in June 2019.[305] After taking part in an unfinished trip to the North Pole with Walking With The Wounded in 2011, Harry joined the charity's 200-mile expedition to the South Pole in December 2013, accompanying twelve injured servicemen and women from the UK, the US and the Commonwealth.[306][307] As patron of Walk of Britain, he walked with the team on 30 September[308] and 20 October 2015.[309] To raise awareness for HIV testing, Harry took a test live on the royal family Facebook page on 14 July 2016.[310] He later attended the 21st International AIDS Conference in Durban, South Africa, on 21 July 2016.[311][312] On World AIDS Day, Harry and Rihanna helped publicise HIV testing by taking the test themselves.[313] Since 2016, Harry has been working with Terrence Higgins Trust to raise awareness about HIV and sexual health.[314][315] In November 2019, to mark the National HIV Testing Week, the Duke interviewed HIV+ Rugby player Gareth Thomas on behalf of the trust.[316] In December 2017, Harry guest edited BBC Radio 4's Today programme, conducting interviews with his father, the Prince of Wales, former US president Barack Obama, and others on issues such as youth violence, the Armed Forces, mental health, the Commonwealth, conservation and the environment.[317][318] On 27 December 2017, Harry was officially appointed the new president of African Parks, a conservation NGO.[319] He previously spent three weeks in Malawi with African Parks where he joined a team of volunteers and professionals to carry out one of the largest elephant translocations in history. The effort to repopulate areas decimated due to poaching and habitat loss moved 500 elephants from Liwonde and Majete National Parks to Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve.[320] Harry had previously helped with relocating rhinos in the Okavango Delta and later became patron of the Rhino Conservation Botswana.[321] In July 2018, the Elton John AIDS Foundation announced that the Duke of Sussex and British singer Elton John were about to launch a global coalition called MenStar that would focus "on treating HIV infections in men".[322][323] In March 2019, Prince Harry gave a speech at WE Day UK, an annual event organised by We Charity to inspire young people to become more active towards global social and environmental change.[324] He discussed mental health, climate change and the importance of social participation.[325] In May 2019, the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex together with Harry's brother and sister-in-law launched Shout, the UK's first 24/7 text messaging service for those who suffer from mental issues.[326] Harry attended a Google summit in August 2019 and gave a speech on the importance of tackling climate change in Sicily. He explained that he and Meghan plan to have no more than 2 children to help sustain the environment.[327] In September 2019, the Duke launched Travalyst during his visit to the Netherlands after two years of development. The initiative is set "to encourage sustainable practices in the travel industry" and "tackle climate change and environmental damage", in collaboration with a number of companies, including Tripadvisor, Booking.com, Ctrip, Skyscanner, and Visa Inc.[328][329] The organisation later announced a partnership with Google in 2021.[330] In October 2019, along with other members of the royal family, Harry voiced a Public Health England announcement, for the "Every Mind Matters" mental health program.[331] In February 2020, Harry recorded a new version of the song "Unbroken" with Jon Bon Jovi. The new version features backing vocals from members of the Invictus Choir.[332] The song was released on 27 March 2020, the proceeds of which were donated to the Invictus Games Foundation.[333] In April 2020, Harry launched a new initiative named HeadFIT, a platform designed to provide mental support for members of the armed forces. The initiative was developed mutually by the Royal Foundation's Heads Together campaign, the Ministry of Defence, and King's College London.[334] In April 2020, the Duke and duch*ess delivered foods prepared by the Project Angel Food to Los Angeles residents amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.[335] In June 2020, the couple backed the Stop Hate for Profit campaign and encouraged CEOs of different companies to join the movement.[336] In August 2020, Harry and Meghan collaborated with Baby2Baby and participated in drive-through distribution of school supplies to students.[337] During the UK's Remembrance Week in November 2020, he joined American veterans from The Mission Continues Service Platoons to distribute food with Compton Veterans and the Walker Family Events Foundation in Compton, California.[338] In April 2021, Harry and Meghan were announced as campaign chairs for Vax Live: The Concert to Reunite the World, an event organised by Global Citizen to increase access to COVID-19 vaccinations.[339] They also announced their support for a vaccine equity fundraiser initiated by the same organisation,[340] and penned an open letter to the pharmaceutical industry CEOs urging them to address the vaccine equity crisis.[341] Later that month, he narrated "Hope Starts Here", a special video rereleased by African Parks to mark the Earth Day in which he urged organisations and communities to preserve biodiversity and paid tribute to his grandfather Prince Philip for his efforts as a conservationist.[342] He helped with the establishment of Peak State, a mental fitness programme aimed at providing tools and resources for managing mental health, to which he publicly lent his support in May 2021.[343][344] Like his mother, Harry has worked with the HALO Trust, an organisation that removes debris—particularly landmines—left behind by war.[345] He had previously visited a minefield in Mozambique with the charity and spent two days learning about their work and mine-clearing techniques.[346] In 2013 he was named as patron of the charity's 25th Anniversary Appeal.[347] In April 2017, he hosted the Landmine Free 2025 reception at Kensington Palace, during which the UK government announced an increase in its financial support for de-mining efforts.[348] In September 2019, he walked through a de-mining site in Angola, the same country visited by his mother 22 years earlier.[345] In June 2021, after ten members of the trust were killed by an armed group at a mine clearance camp in Afghanistan, Harry issued a statement saying the attack "was nothing less than an act of barbarism".[349] In September 2021, together with First Lady Jill Biden, he hosted a virtual event for the Warrior Games, which were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[350] In the same month, Harry and Meghan spoke again in support of vaccine equity at the Global Citizen Live concert.[351] In October 2021, he spoke against oil drilling in the Okavango River in an op-ed for The Washington Post.[352] In the same month and ahead of the 2021 G20 Rome summit, Harry and his wife penned an open letter together with the Director-General of the World Health Organization Tedros Adhanom, asking the G20 leaders to expedite efforts for the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.[353] In January 2022 and following criticism aimed at Spotify for their handling of COVID-19 misinformation, Harry and Meghan made an announcement stating that since April 2021 they had begun "expressing concerns" about the issue on the platform.[354] In March 2022, they were among more than a hundred people who signed an open letter published by the People's Vaccine Alliance, asking for free global access to COVID-19 vaccines and calling out the UK, EU and Switzerland for opposing a waiver that would allow vaccine intellectual property protections to be lifted.[355] In April 2022 and in a video featuring Rhys Darby and Dave Fane on Māori Television, Harry launched an eco-travel campaign through his non-profit Travalyst, encouraging people to travel sustainably.[356] In August 2022, Harry travelled to Africa in his role as president of African Parks to welcome a gathering of "a group of U.S. officials, conservationists and philanthropists, as they tour protected wildlife and nature areas".[357] Sport Harry enjoys playing many sports, including competitive polo, skiing, and motocross.[30] Like his brother and father, he has participated in polo matches to raise money for charitable causes.[30][358] Harry is also a keen Rugby football fan and supported England's bid to host rugby union's 2015 Rugby World Cup,[359] and presented the trophy at rugby league's 2019 Challenge Cup finals.[360] In 2004, Harry trained as a Rugby Development Officer for the Rugby Football Union and coached students in schools to encourage them to learn the sport. He, along with former rugby player Brian Moore, both argued that in response to Black Lives Matter, the song "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" should no longer be sung in rugby context.[361][362] Until February 2021, he was the patron of both the Rugby Football Union and Rugby Football League, Rugby League's governing body in England.[363][118] In 2012, together with the Duke and duch*ess of Cambridge, Harry launched Coach Core. The program was set up following the 2012 Olympics and provides apprenticeship opportunities for people who desire to pursue a career as a professional coach.[364] In January 2017, Harry visited the Running Charity and its partner Depaul UK to highlight the role of sport in helping homeless and vulnerable people.[365] In June 2019, the Duke was present at the launch of Made by Sport, a charity coalition set to raise money to boost sport in disadvantaged communities. In his statement, he lent his support to the charity by arguing that its role in bringing sport into the life of disadvantaged people would save "hundreds of millions of pounds" towards treating the issues among young people.[366] Sussex Royal and Archewell In June 2019, it was announced that the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex would split from The Royal Foundation and establish their own charity foundation by the end of 2019. Nevertheless, the couple would collaborate with Harry's brother and his wife on mutual projects, such as the mental health initiative Heads Together.[367][368] In July 2019, Harry and Meghan's new charity was registered in England and Wales under the title "Sussex Royal The Foundation of The Duke and duch*ess of Sussex".[369] On 21 February, it was confirmed that "Sussex Royal" would not be used as a brand name for the couple following their withdrawal from public life.[370] On 5 August 2020, Sussex Royal Foundation was renamed "MWX Foundation" and dissolved the same day.[371] In March 2021, it was reported that the Charity Commission for England and Wales was conducting a review of the Sussex Royal organisation in a "regulatory and compliance case" regarding its conduct under charity law during dissolution.[372] Representatives for the couple claimed that Sussex Royal was "managed by a board of trustees" and that "suggestion of mismanagement" directed exclusively at the Duke and duch*ess would be incorrect.[372] The commission later concluded that the foundation did not act unlawfully, but criticised the board of directors for expending a "substantial proportion of funds" to setting up and closing the charity.[373][374] In April 2020, Meghan and Harry confirmed their new foundation (in lieu of Sussex Royal) would be called "Archewell".[375] The name stems from the Greek word "arche", which means "source of action"; the same word that inspired the name of their son.[375] Archewell was registered in the United States.[376] Its website was officially launched in October 2020.[377] Public image In his youth, Harry earned a reputation for being rebellious, leading the tabloid press to label him a "wild child".[378] At the age of 17, he was seen smoking cannabis, drinking underage with friends, and clashing physically with paparazzi outside nightclubs.[378][379] In early 2005, he was photographed at a "Colonial and Native"-themed costume party in Wiltshire wearing a Nazi German Afrika Korps uniform with a swastika armband.[380] He reportedly chose the costume at Cotswold Costumes during an outing with his brother William and their friend Guy Pelly.[381] He later issued a public statement apologising for his behaviour.[382] In an interview for his 21st birthday he stated that it "was a very stupid thing to do and I've learnt my lesson".[383] In January 2005, in response to an inquiry about his Zimbabwean girlfriend Chelsy Davy, Harry responded "She's not black or anything, you know".[384] In January 2009, the British tabloid, the News of the World, revealed a video made by Harry three years earlier in which he referred to a Pakistani fellow officer cadet as "our little Paki friend" and called a soldier wearing a camouflage hood a "raghead". These terms were described by the Leader of the Opposition at the time David Cameron as "unacceptable",[385] and by The Daily Telegraph as "racist".[385] A British Muslim youth organisation called Harry a "thug".[386] Further extracts showed him telling a comrade "I love you" before giving him a kiss on the cheek and licking his face, and asking another whether he felt gay, queer, or on the side.[387][388] He was also filmed pretending to have a call with his grandmother, stating "I've got to go, got to go. Send my love to the corgis and Grandpa ... God save you."[387] Clarence House immediately issued an apology from Harry, who stated that no malice was intended in his remarks.[389] In the same year, British stand-up comedian Stephen K. Amos alleged that after a stand-up show for the former Prince of Wales's 60th birthday celebrations in November 2008 Harry had commented on his performance by saying, "You don't sound like a black chap", though he hoped that the remarks were made in jest.[390] In October 2007, a video from Harry's trip to Namibia with his friends surfaced, which showed him snorting vodka and licking a male friend's nipples.[391][392] While on holiday in Las Vegas in August 2012, Harry and an unknown young woman were photographed naked in a Wynn Las Vegas hotel room, reportedly during a game of strip billiards. The pictures were leaked by American celebrity website TMZ on 21 August 2012,[393] and reported worldwide by mainstream media on 22 August 2012.[394][395][396] The photographs were shown by the American media, but British media were reluctant to publish them.[397] Royal aides suggested Clarence House would contact the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) if British publications used the pictures.[398] St James's Palace confirmed that Harry was in the photographs, saying that he was essentially a victim whose privacy had been invaded and contacted the PCC upon hearing that a number of British newspapers were considering publishing the photographs.[399] On 24 August 2012, The Sun newspaper published the photographs.[400] In September 2010, Harry was the subject of an animal cruelty investigation by the Hurlingham Polo Association after his polo pony was pictured with a wound on its side that some animal welfare activists alleged was caused by spikes on his spurs.[401] He was cleared of any wrongdoing or cruelty after an independent vet concluded that it was more likely the wound had been caused by a collision rather than spurs.[402] In view of their environmental activism, Harry and his wife were criticised in August 2019 for reportedly taking four private jet journeys in 11 days, including one to Elton John's home in Nice, France.[403] The criticism was in line with the reactions the royal family faced in June 2019, after it was revealed that they "had doubled [their] carbon footprint from business travel".[404][405] Harry received backlash again in August 2021 and 2022 for taking a two-hour flight on private jets between California and Aspen, Colorado, to participate in an annual charity polo tournament.[406][407] In June 2022 and on their way to California after the Queen's Platinum Jubilee, Harry and Meghan boarded a private jet that was estimated to have emitted "ten times more carbon than flying commercial".[408] In July 2019, Harry and his wife attended the premiere of The Lion King in London.[409] Their attendance garnered commentary and criticism as it took place on the date of a memorial concert for the Royal Marines killed by the IRA, to which Harry was invited as Captain General Royal Marines, but had declined to attend.[410] In December 2021, reports emerged about Harry's meetings with Saudi businessman Mahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz, whose receipt of a CBE became the subject of an investigation by the Scottish Charity Regulator.[411] Mahfouz had met Prince Harry in 2013 and 2014 and donated £50,000 to his charity Sentebale and £10,000 to Walking With The Wounded, of which Harry is patron. The Sunday Times claimed that the meetings with Harry opened the way for Mahfouz to get access to the Prince of Wales.[412] Harry referred to the incident as the "CBE scandal" in December 2021 and stated that he severed ties with Mahfouz in 2015 after expressing "growing concerns" about his motives, though aides from his father's household denied having any discussions with him regarding Mahfouz.[413] A spokesperson for Sentebale defended the meetings and added that there was not any impropriety regarding the donations.[414] In 2018 and 2021, Harry was selected as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time magazine.[415] In 2019, the magazine named Harry and his wife as among the 25 Most Influential People on the Internet.[416] In 2021, they were featured on one of the magazine's seven worldwide Time 100 covers.[417] Popularity Prior to his marriage, Harry was generally viewed favourably by the public for his diligent army service and commitment to the Invictus Games. However, he also earned a reputation for being rebellious.[378][379][380] After his marriage, Harry's popularity skyrocketed above all the other royals for a short time as he was deemed likable by 77 percent of respondents in a poll of 3,600 Britons conducted by statistics and polling company YouGov.[418] However, his popularity is believed to have fallen after stepping back from royal duties, and it plummeted after his controversial interview with Oprah Winfrey, after which it was reported by YouGov that forty-eight per cent of people had a negative view of Harry, compared with forty-five per cent who had a positive view.[419] In December 2022, Harry was found to be the 3rd most disliked member of the British royal family by YouGov, preceded by his uncle Prince Andrew and his wife Meghan.[420] In January 2023 and following the release of his Netflix docuseries, it was found by YouGov that nearly half of the British public thought that he should have his titles removed.[421] In the same month and ahead of the release of Harry's memoir Spare, his popularity plummeted even further according to a new survey, with almost two-thirds of participants having a negative view of him and a quarter of respondents seeing him in a positive light, which showed a change from the results in May 2022 when roughly half those surveyed viewed him negatively.[422] It has been suggested by critics that this fall from public esteem is due to Harry and Meghan's frequent attempts to achieve ongoing relevancy,[423] their perceived hypocrisy,[424][425] and for what is regarded by many as their selfishness.[426][427][428] Privacy and the media Legal issues and incidents Associated Newspapers Limited On 30 January 2020, the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) sided with the Mail on Sunday over a dispute between the Duke and the newspaper regarding an Instagram photo involving Harry in which, according to the newspaper, elephants were in fact "tranquilised" and "tethered" during a relocating process. The IPSO rejected Harry's claim that the paper's description was "inaccurate" or "misleading".[429] In December 2020, Harry's legal team sued Associated Newspapers Limited (ANL) for publishing a story in the Mail on Sunday claiming his working relationship with the Royal Marines had suffered post-royal departure.[430] The newspaper subsequently accepted the claims were false and issued an apology. The prince's lawyer said the "substantial damages" paid by the publisher would be donated to the Invictus Games Foundation.[431] In November 2021, Harry and Meghan's former communications secretary Jason Knauf gave a statement to the court following ANL's appeal against a judge's ruling that accused the media company of breaching Meghan's privacy for publishing a letter she had sent to her father.[432] Knauf mentioned the duch*ess of Sussex directly gave him briefing points to share with Finding Freedom's authors Omid Scobie and Carolyn Durand and added that the Duke of Sussex had welcomed the suggestion that they should conceal their involvement with the process of writing the book, while they both discussed the book "on a routine basis".[433] ANL had previously applied to use the book in their defense, arguing that the Duke and duch*ess had "co-operated with the authors of the recently published book Finding Freedom to put out their version of certain events".[434][435] In February 2022, Harry filed a libel suit in the High Court against Associated Newspapers Limited for a Mail on Sunday article which alleged he was trying to keep his legal battle against the Home Office to restore his police protection secret from the public through requesting a confidentiality order on the case.[436][437] His lawyers claimed that the article questioned "his willingness to pay for police protection" and asked for the story to be taken down, demanding damages due to a "frenzy of hostile comments" that had caused "considerable distress and hurt".[438] In June 2022, Mr Justice Nicklin ruled that parts of the article were potentially defamatory as it implied Harry had been "spinning the facts" and had only offered to pay for the security arrangements after the legal battle against the Home Office began, though Nicklin rejected claims by Harry's lawyers that the article portrayed him as a liar.[439] Further hearings are scheduled to determine whether the libel case proceeds or fails.[439] In October 2022, the Duke of Sussex joined Doreen Lawrence, Sir Elton John, David Furnish, Sadie Frost, and Elizabeth Hurley in launching a legal action against Associated Newspapers Limited for their alleged "abhorrent criminal activity", which was said to involve listening to and recording people's phone calls and daily activities, obtaining sensitive information and medical records, and accessing bank accounts and financial transactions.[440] In a statement, ANL described the allegations as "preposterous smears".[440] Other cases In February 2014, a judge sentenced the convicted criminal Ashraf Islam to three years in prison, as he had plotted to murder Harry and had given it "considerable thought" due to his belief that Harry had "a moral guilt" since he was in the army.[441][442] In June 2019, two members of the neo-Nazi group Sonnenkrieg Division were jailed for eighteen months and four years, respectively, for sharing propaganda posters among which was one that labelled Harry as a "race traitor" with a gun pointed at his head.[443] In May 2019, Splash News issued a formal apology to the Sussexes for sending photographers to their Cotswolds residence, which put their privacy at risk. The agency also agreed to pay damages and legal costs associated with the case.[444][445] In October 2019, it was announced that Harry had sued The Sun, the Daily Mirror and the now-defunct News of the World "in relation to alleged phone-hacking".[446] Former News of the World royal editor Clive Goodman had previously stated that he had hacked Harry's phone on nine occasions.[447] Among other points discussed in the lawsuit was a report by the News of the World about Harry's visit to a drugs rehabilitation clinic after smoking cannabis in January 2002, which according to his legal team was "to blag" his father into believing that Harry was a drunkard and drug addict in order "to get an exclusive but 'softer' story" on his alleged issues with drugs and alcohol, a claim that was denied by the outlet's publisher News Group Newspapers.[448] In his memoir, Harry mentions how the editor of the News of the World Rebekah Brooks was adamant on gathering evidence on his drug use. Harry describes her as a "loathsome toad" and "an infected pustule on the arse of humanity, plus a sh*t excuse for a journalist."[449] Lawyers for the Mirror denied accessing Harry's voicemail messages and other allegations, but admitted to instructing "private investigators to unlawfully obtain private information" about Harry on a single occasion that involved him visiting Chinawhite.[450] In January 2020, lawyers issued a legal warning to the press after paparazzi photographs were published in the media.[451] After his resignation from the royal family was announced, Harry appeared "to lay the blame at the feet of the press" for his decision.[452] In March 2020, the couple took Splash UK to court after the duch*ess and their son were photographed without permission during a "private family outing" while staying in Canada. The case was settled later that year with Splash UK agreeing to no longer take unauthorised photos of the family.[453] On 20 April 2020, the Duke and duch*ess announced that they would no longer cooperate with the Daily Mail, the Sun, the Mirror and the Express.[454] They won an apology in October from American news agency X17 for taking photographs of their son at their home using drones.[455] In June 2020, it was reported that Harry's lawyers had issued a 'letter before action', threatening to sue the Sun and Dan Wootton, based on the allegations that they had paid money to associates of palace officials to secure their stories.[456] It was alleged that the Sun had made two payments amounting to £4,000 to the partner of a royal official in relation to stories published in June and July 2019 which detailed the nannying and god-parenting arrangements for Harry and Meghan's son Archie.[456] News Group Newspapers, publisher of the Sun, emphasised that they had done nothing "unlawful" in sourcing the stories and no illegal payments were made.[456] Wootton's lawyers denied that any payments were made unlawfully to a public official or a proxy and described the claims as "a smear campaign by unknown bad actors."[456] Wootton has been credited with breaking the story about Megxit and Harry and Meghan's initial plans for moving to Canada in the Sun on 8 January 2020, which prompted the couple to issue an announcement within hours, confirming their plans for stepping back from their royal duties.[457] Wootton stated that he had been in contact with the couple's spokesperson on 28 December and gave them a ten days' notice before the story broke out, despite facing pressure from royal officials not to run the piece.[457] Sources close to the couple later spoke to The New York Times, stating that they "felt forced to disclose their plans prematurely" as they learned about the Sun's intentions to publish the story.[457] Wootton disputed the claim as "They released the statement after we had published the story and had so much notice."[457] A September 2020 article by The Times claiming an Invictus Games fundraiser had been cancelled due to its affiliation with a competitor of Netflix, Harry's business partner, became the subject of a legal complaint issued by the Duke.[458] In January 2022, the couple mutually filed a legal complaint against The Times for an article reporting on Archewell raising less than $50,000 in 2020.[459] Despite the palace congratulating the Duke and duch*ess on the birth of their daughter Lilibet in June 2021, a few days later the BBC reported that Harry and Meghan had not sought the permission of the Queen before naming their daughter with her personal family nickname.[460][461] Lawyers for the couple subsequently accused the BBC of defamation and sent letters out to various media organisations saying the report was false and defamatory, and the allegations should not be repeated as Harry had spoken to the Queen before announcing their daughter's name.[462][463] In January 2022, it was revealed that Harry, whose taxpayer-funded police security was taken away after he stepped back from royal roles in 2020, had been in a legal fight since September 2021 to challenge the Home Office's refusal to allow him to pay for police protection in a personal capacity when in the UK as he believed his private security team's lack of access to local intelligence and legal jurisdiction abroad would make them unable to protect his family.[464][465] Following the first court hearing of the case, it was revealed that after Harry's decision to step back from his royal duties the Royal and VIP Executive Committee (RAVEC) had placed him in an "exceptional category", as a result of which his future police protection in the UK would be contingent on the reason and circ*mstances of each visit as well as the functions he carries.[466][467] After receiving applications by the Duke and the Home Office to keep parts of the case private, the High Court ruled in March 2022 that some parts of it would remain confidential.[468] Mr Justice Swift also reacted to the Duke's legal team sending a copy of the ruling to someone who was not a lawyer, describing it as "entirely unacceptable".[468] In July 2022, Mr Justice Swift granted permission for part of Harry's claim to proceed for a judicial review.[469] In August 2022, Harry filed a lawsuit against the Home Office and the Metropolitan Police, challenging the decision by RAVEC from January 2022 which stated that State security could not be made available to private individuals even if they wished to pay for it themselves.[470][471] Interviews Harry and his wife were interviewed by Oprah Winfrey in a television special for CBS, broadcast on 7 March 2021.[472] Meghan spoke about "stepping into life as a royal, marriage, motherhood" and "how she is handling life under intense public pressure". Harry joined her later, and the pair talked about the initial difficulties associated with their move to the United States in 2020 and their plans for the future.[473] During the interview, Harry criticised his father's parenting style while he was trying to deal with the death of his mother.[474][475] He mentioned his father did not answer his calls and had cut him off financially, and he had no relationship with his brother, Prince William, stating "The relationship is space, at the moment. Time heals all things, hopefully."[476] There was a wide and polarised reaction to the interview.[477] In December 2022, The Sun claimed that Harry had "boasted" to a friend ahead of the interview that "those Brits need to learn a lesson", a headline that was described by Harry's representative as "a baseless hit piece masquerading as journalism".[478] In April 2022, Harry sat down for an interview with Today's Hoda Kotb during the Invictus Games, during which he claimed that he had visited his grandmother the Queen earlier to make sure that she was "protected and got the right people around her."[479] He also added that "Home for me, for the time being, is in the States."[479] In January 2023 and ahead of the release of his memoir Spare, Harry sat down for a series of interviews, including an interview by Anderson Cooper on 60 Minutes, another one by Tom Bradby titled Harry: The Interview on ITV1, and a third interview by Michael Strahan on Good Morning America, titled Prince Harry: In His Own Words.[480][481][482] In the interview with Bradby, Harry said that he "would like to get my father back, I would like to have my brother back" and that "I want a family, not an institution", adding that "they feel as though it is better to keep us somehow as the villains" and that "they have shown absolutely no willingness to reconcile."[481] Referring to the press as "the devil", he also alleged that "certain members" of his family were "in the bed" with them to "rehabilitate their image".[483] Sources close to King Charles III responded to the claims by insisting that he loves both of his sons and has kept communication channels open throughout the last few years, despite their relationship being occasionally tense.[484] Twitter trolling In October 2021, Twitter analytics service Bot Sentinel released their analysis of more than 114,000 tweets about the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex, as a result of which they found 83 accounts with a combined number of 187,631 followers responsible for approximately 70% of the negative content posted about the couple.[485] The report prompted an investigation by Twitter.[485] Twitter stated that it found no evidence of "widespread coordination" between the accounts, and said that it had taken action against users who violated Twitter's conduct policy.[485] Bot Sentinel also released three more reports in the following months, arguing that the accounts were part of a "bot network" and a similar network could be found on YouTube.[486][487] Christopher Bouzy, Bot Sentinel's founder, was himself responsible for initiating a discourse that criticised Harry's brother and sister-in-law for their appearance by tweeting that they were "aging in Banana years".[488] In January 2022, the BBC named Harry and Meghan among people whose photos and videos were used in fake instant profits advertisem*nts and bitcoin-related investment schemes.[489] Titles, styles, honours and arms Royal monogram Titles and styles Harry was originally styled "His Royal Highness Prince Henry of Wales". He used Wales as his surname for military purposes and was known as "Captain Harry Wales" in such contexts.[490] On the morning of his wedding,[491] Queen Elizabeth II granted him the Dukedom of Sussex, the Earldom of Dumbarton and Barony of Kilkeel. He thus became known as "His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex". He uses the earldom in Scotland[492] and the barony in Northern Ireland.[493][494] On 18 January 2020, Buckingham Palace announced that, following their decision to step back from royal duties, from 31 March 2020 Harry and his wife would not use their Royal Highness styles in practice. They were not legally stripped of any styles or titles.[495][496] Military ranks United Kingdom United Kingdom 8 May 2005: Officer cadet, The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst[497] United Kingdom 13 April 2006: Cornet (Second Lieutenant), The Blues and Royals[498] United Kingdom 13 April 2008: Lieutenant, The Blues and Royals[35] United Kingdom 16 April 2011: Captain, The Blues and Royals[63] United Kingdom 14 May 2018: Lieutenant Commander, Royal Navy[499] United Kingdom 14 May 2018: Major, Army[500] United Kingdom 14 May 2018: Squadron Leader, Royal Air Force[501] Honours See also: List of honours of the British royal family by country UK Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg 6 February 2002: Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal[502] OSM for Afghanistan w bar.svg 5 May 2008: Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan[57] QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg 6 February 2012: Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal[502] Royal Victorian Order UK ribbon.png 4 June 2015: Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)[503] UK Queen EII Platinum Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg 6 February 2022: Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal[502] Foreign Spain 2017: Order of Isabella the Catholic[504] Appointments 13 October 2018 – 19 February 2021: Personal Aide-de-Camp to Her Majesty The Queen (ADC)[505] Fellowships Jamaica 6 March 2012 – present: Honorary Fellow of the University of the West Indies[506] Former honorary military appointments United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom 8 August 2006 – 19 February 2021: Commodore-in-Chief of Small Ships and Diving[507] United Kingdom 3 October 2008 – 19 February 2021: Honorary Air Commandant of RAF Honington[508] 19 December 2017 – 19 February 2021: Captain General Royal Marines[509] In February 2021, it was announced via written confirmation that Harry's honorary military appointments mentioned above were returned to Queen Elizabeth II.[505] Canada Canada Canada 10 November 2009 – present: Honorary Canadian Ranger[510] Humanitarian awards Harry's charitable efforts have been recognised three times by the international community. In December 2010, the German charity Ein Herz für Kinder ("A Heart for Children") awarded him its Golden Heart Award, in recognition of his "charitable and humanitarian efforts".[511][512] On 7 May 2012, the Atlantic Council awarded him its Distinguished Humanitarian Leadership Award.[513] In August 2018, the Royal Canadian Legion granted him the 2018 Founders Award for his role in founding the Invictus Games.[514] In October 2018, he was presented with the RSA Badge in Gold, the organisation's highest honour, for his work with injured veterans.[515] In July 2021, Harry and Meghan were among people who were selected by UK-based charity Population Matters to receive the Change Champions award for their decision to have only two children and help with maintaining a smaller and more sustainable population.[516] In February 2022, Harry and Meghan were selected to receive NAACP's President's Award for their work on causes related to social justice and equity.[517] In October 2022, the couple were named as Ripple of Hope Award laureates for their work on racial justice, mental health, and other social initiatives through their foundation Archewell.[518] Arms Coat of arms of the Duke of Sussex Coat of Arms of Harry, Duke of Sussex.svg Notes On his 18th birthday, Harry was granted his own personal coat of arms, consisting of the Arms of the Sovereign in right of the United Kingdom with a Label for difference.[519][520] The College of Arms has stated that his label will change to one of three points, with each point bearing an escallop, when his father or brother accedes to the throne.[520] Granted 15 September 2002 Crest On a Coronet of a child of the Sovereign a Lion statant guardant Or, crowned with a like Coronet and differenced by a Label as in the Arms. Escutcheon The Royal Arms differenced by a Label of five points Argent, the first, third and fifth points charged with an Escallop Gules. Supporters As with the Royal Arms differenced by a like Coronet and Label. Orders The Royal Victorian Order ribbon. VICTORIA Banner Royal Standard of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex.svg The Royal Standard of the United Kingdom labelled for difference as in his arms. Royal Standard of Prince Harry, Earl of Dumbarton.svg (in Scotland) Symbolism As he is the grandchild of the sovereign, Harry's coat of arms displays a label of five points.[519] The escallops (seashells) allude to his mother Diana, Princess of Wales,[519] whose Spencer coat of arms includes three Escallops Argent. Other versions Combined Coat of Arms of Harry and Meghan, the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex.svgIn May 2018, the Queen approved the conjugal arms of the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex, consisting of their individual arms displayed side by side. Ancestry Agnatically, Harry is a member of the House of Glücksburg, a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg, one of Europe's oldest royal houses. Harry's paternal grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, issued letters patent on 8 February 1960 declaring his father to be a member of the House of Windsor.[521] Ancestors on Harry's father's side include most of the royal families of Europe,[521] and on his mother's side, the earls Spencer—a cadet branch of the Spencer family descended from the earls of Sunderland; the senior branch are now also dukes of Marlborough; the Barons Fermoy; and more anciently from Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, and Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond—two illegitimate sons of King Charles II.[522] Harry and his brother William descend matrilineally from Eliza Kewark, a housekeeper for his eighteenth-century ancestor Theodore Forbes—a Scottish merchant who worked for the East India Company in Surat. She is variously described in contemporary documents as "a dark-skinned native woman", "an Armenian woman from Bombay", and "Mrs. Forbesian".[522] Genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner assumed Kewark was Armenian.[523] In June 2013, BritainsDNA announced that genealogical DNA tests on two of Harry and William's distant matrilineal cousins confirm Kewark was matrilineally of Indian descent.[524][525][526][527] Ancestors of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex[528][529] Filmography Television appearances Year Title Network Notes Ref. 2004 The Forgotten Kingdom: Prince Harry in Lesotho ITN / ITV Also producer [31] 2012 The Diamond Queen BBC [530] 2014 Harry's South Pole Heroes ITV [531] 2016 Our Queen at 90 [532] Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute BBC [533] Prince Harry in Africa ITV [534] 2017 Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy [535] Diana, 7 Days BBC [536] 2018 Queen of the World HBO [537] 2019 Harry & Meghan: An African Journey ITV [538] 2020 Rising Phoenix Netflix [539] 2021 Oprah with Meghan and Harry CBS [540] The Me You Can't See Apple TV Also producer [541] 2022 Harry & Meghan Netflix [267] Live to Lead Executive producer and presenter [542] 2023 Harry: The Interview ITV1 [481] 60 Minutes CBS [543] Prince Harry: In His Own Words ABC [544] Heart of Invictus Netflix Also producer [545] Bibliography Books Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex, "Foreword", in: Connaughton, Chris (2021). Hospital by the Hill. Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex (2023). Spare. Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0593593806. Authored articles and letters Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (2019). "I have always loved wild places". African Parks. Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex (6 August 2020). "Social media is dividing us. Together, we can redesign it". Fast Company. Prince Harry; Mangundu, Reinhold (14 October 2021). "Protect the Okavango River Basin from corporate drilling". The Washington Post. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus; Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex; Meghan, The duch*ess of Sussex (29 October 2021). "Meeting the COVID-19 vaccine commitments". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Prince Harry, The Duke of Sussex (1 December 2021). "Letter from Prince Harry to Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Ms Winnie Byanyima on World AIDS Day". UNAIDS. Prince Harry; Coons, Chris; Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe (15 December 2022). "The Future of Conservation Is Taking Shape in Africa". HuffPost. Footnotes As a member of the Royal Family, Harry does not normally use a surname. He has used both Mountbatten-Windsor, and – in his military career – Wales.[1] According to letters patent of February 1960, his house and family name is Windsor. He was officially styled Prince Henry of Wales from birth until his marriage, but is known as Prince Harry. "Harry" is a diminutive form of "Henry". Rumours that Harry is the son of James Hewitt, with whom his mother had an affair, have been denied by Hewitt.[7] Hewitt said, "I must state once and for all that I'm not Harry's father. When I met Diana, he was already a toddler."[7] Diana's police bodyguard Ken Wharfe[7] and her butler Paul Burrell[8] agreed that Hewitt and Diana did not meet until after Harry's birth. Harry had six godparents: Prince Andrew (his paternal uncle); Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones (his paternal first cousin once removed); Carolyn Bartholomew (née Pride); Bryan Organ (a British artist); Gerald Ward (a former officer in the Household Cavalry); and Celia, Lady Vestey (née Knight).[9] References Hopkins, Nick (21 January 2013). "'Some guys look at me as Prince Harry, not Captain Wales, which is frustrating'". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 September 2021. "Prince Harry". The Royal Household. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2017. "Patronages". Prince Harry. British Royal Family. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017. Samuelson, Kate (25 August 2017). "How Princes William and Harry Are Carrying on Causes Close to Princess Diana's Heart". Time magazine. Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018. "Princess Di gives birth to boy". The Evening News. London. Associated Press. 16 September 1984. Retrieved 31 May 2013. "Prince Harry – Biography". 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"Harry and Meghan are 'professional victims' says Sun journalist who broke royal split story". Press Gazette. Retrieved 4 January 2023. Nikkah, Roya (6 September 2020). "Harry and Meghan's Netflix deal scuppers Invictus bash". The Times. Retrieved 12 December 2020. Whitworth, Damian (6 January 2022). "Archewell's $50,000 slow start, and the truth about celebrity fundraising". The Times. Retrieved 10 January 2022. This article is the subject of a legal complaint by the Duke and duch*ess of Sussex. "Harry and Meghan reject claim Queen not consulted on Lilibet name". The Guardian. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021. "Meghan Markle & Prince Harry Bristle At "False & Defamatory" BBC Report On Daughter Lilibet's Name". Deadline. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021. "What's in a name? An angry spat between Harry, Meghan and the BBC". Reuters. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021. Tominey, Camilla (9 June 2021). 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"Prince Harry sues UK government again over reduced security team". The Times. Retrieved 7 August 2022. Royston, Jack (4 August 2022). "Harry Files New Lawsuit Against U.K. Government in Sign Tensions Remain". Newsweek. Retrieved 5 August 2022. "Meghan and Harry Oprah interview: Diana discussed in teaser clips". BBC News. 1 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021. Jones, Zoe Christen; Linton, Caroline (7 March 2021). "Live Updates: The Harry and Meghan interview with Oprah". CBS News. Retrieved 8 March 2021. Petter, Olivia (28 May 2021). "Prince Charles appears cheerful in pub amid Harry's criticism of royal family". The Independent. Retrieved 27 November 2021. Hill, Clara (21 May 2021). "Prince Harry criticises Charles' parenting and complains royals refused to talk about Diana's death". The Independent. Retrieved 27 November 2021. Javed, Saman (29 December 2021). "What did Harry and Meghan get up to in 2021?". The Independent. Retrieved 3 January 2022. "Global reaction to Harry and Meghan interview pours in". Chicago Sun-Times. Associated Press. 8 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021. Edmonds, Lauren (4 December 2022). "Prince Harry's rep slams British tabloid claiming he said 'those Brits need to learn a lesson' ahead of 2021 Oprah interview: report". Insider. Retrieved 5 December 2022. "Prince Harry opens up about visiting Queen and life in the US during interview with Hoda Kotb at Invictus Games". Sky News. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023. Romualdi, Melissa (19 December 2022). "Prince Harry Is Scheduled For Another Sit-Down Interview To Promote His Tell-All Memoir 'Spare'". ET Canada. Retrieved 25 December 2022. Miranda Bryant (2 January 2023). "Prince Harry: I would like my father and my brother back". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 January 2023. Kindelan, Katie (5 January 2023). "Prince Harry to speak about his memoir 'Spare' in interview with Michael Strahan". 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"Harry and Meghan misused in fake investment endorsem*nt". BBC News. Retrieved 20 January 2022. Nikkhah, Roya (17 April 2011). "Prince Harry promoted to captain in Army". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 12 June 2011. Minard, Jenny (19 May 2018). "Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle: Announcement of Titles". Retrieved 19 May 2018. "'Just call me Harry', prince tells tourism conference in Edinburgh". BBC News. 26 February 2020. "A comprehensive guide to the Royal Family's regional titles". Tatler. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021. "A Guide to Royal Family Titles, from the Queen's Specific Styling to Prince Harry's Scottish Moniker". Town & Country. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021. "Statement from Her Majesty The Queen". The Royal Family. 18 January 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Caroline Davies (18 January 2020). "Harry and Meghan sought a half-in half-out deal, but are 'out'". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 January 2020. Though Harry and Meghan still technically retain their HRH styles, they have agreed they will not use them. They have not been stripped of them, unlike Harry's mother Diana, Princess of Wales, following her divorce. Bates, Stephen (9 May 2005). "Harry falls in at Sandhurst". The Guardian. "No. 57994". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 May 2006. p. 7375. "No. 62328". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 June 2018. p. 10856. "No. 62328". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 June 2018. p. 10858. "No. 62328". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 June 2018. p. 10862. Sheridan, Danielle (3 June 2022). "Army veteran Harry still given Platinum Jubilee medal". The Telegraph. Retrieved 3 June 2022. "Prince Harry knighted for service to the Queen". London: BBC News. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015. Alcázar, Mariángel (14 July 2017). "El Rey reconoce que Isabel II ha hecho posible la visita de Estado a Reino Unido". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 April 2018. "Buckingham Palace statement on The Duke and duch*ess of Sussex". British Royal Family (Press release). 19 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021. "Prince Harry named Honorary UWI Fellow", The Gleaner, 6 March 2012, retrieved 8 March 2012 "The Prince of Wales – Prince Harry – At Work – Regiments". Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2008. "RAF Regiment Association Official Site". Rafregt.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. "CENTRAL CHANCERY OF THE ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD". www.thegazette.co.uk. Department of Canadian Heritage. "2009 Official Royal Visit – Ontario (Toronto, Hamilton and Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ottawa, Petawawa)". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. "German award recognises Prince Harry's charity work". BBC News. 19 December 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2013. "Prince Harry to receive 'Golden Heart' award in Berlin" (Press release). Clarence House. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2013. Jung, Helin (7 May 2012). "Prince Harry Receives Humanitarian Award in D.C." People. Retrieved 12 October 2013. "The Royal Canadian Legion names Prince Harry recipient of the 2018 Founders Award". The Royal Canadian Legion. 28 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018. "Watch: Prince Harry presented with Badge in Gold, RSA's highest honour". 1 News. 28 October 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2021. McKee, Brianna (13 July 2021). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle win award for saving the planet two kids at a time". Sky News Australia. Retrieved 13 July 2021. Bernabe, Angeline Jane (24 February 2022). "Prince Harry, Meghan to receive NAACP President's Award". ABC News. Retrieved 24 February 2022. Hallemann, Caroline (11 October 2022). "Prince Harry and Meghan Markle to Receive the Ripple of Hope Award Honoring RFK's Legacy". Town & Country. Retrieved 12 October 2022. "Coat of Arms". Prince Harry. Clarence House. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016. "The Coat of Arms of HRH Prince Henry of Wales". College of Arms. Retrieved 10 December 2017. Michel Huberty, L'Allemagne dynastique, Volume 7, Giraud, 1994, ISBN 2-901138-07-1, ISBN 978-2-901138-07-5 Williamson, D (1981) "The Ancestry of Lady Diana Spencer". Genealogist's Magazine 20(6): 192–199; 20(8): 281–282 Reitwiesner, William Addams (2006). "The Ethnic ancestry of Prince William". wargs.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2012. Sinha, Kounteya (16 June 2013). "Hunt on for Prince William's distant cousins in Surat". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013. "A Royal Revelation". BritainsDNA. Archived from the original on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013. Brown, David (14 June 2013). "Revealed: the Indian ancestry of William". The Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013. Hern, Alex (14 June 2013). "Are there ethical lapses in the Times' story on William's 'Indian ancestry'?". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013. Although Eliza Kewark was indeed thought of as Armenian, it's not particularly surprising that she would have had Indian ancestors; the Armenian diaspora had been in India for centuries at the time of her birth, and even the most insular communities tend to experience genetic mixing over that timescale. Paget, Gerald (1977). The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (2 vols). Edinburgh: Charles Skilton. ISBN 978-0-284-40016-1. Evans, Richard K. (2007). The Ancestry of Diana, Princess of Wales. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society. ISBN 9780880822084. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2017. "BBC One - The Diamond Queen, Episode 2". BBC. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2021. "Prince Harry was 'terrified' by South Pole charity trek". ITV. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2022. Pearl, Diana (28 March 2016). "The Queen Has a Pillow That Says 'It's Good to Be Queen' – Plus 13 Other Revelations from the Most Intimate Documentary on Her Yet". People. Retrieved 14 July 2021. Sam Wollaston (22 April 2016). "Elizabeth at 90 – A Family Tribute review – so much for one to learn about one's monarch". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 June 2016. "Prince Harry in Africa (2016)". British Film Institute. Retrieved 26 August 2022. "Diana, Our Mother: Her Life and Legacy". ITV Press Centre. Retrieved 25 July 2017. "Diana, 7 Days - BBC One". BBC. Retrieved 27 August 2017. Evans, Greg (19 September 2018). "'Queen Of The World' Trailer: Jovial Prince Harry Admits To Royal Jitters In New HBO Documentary". Deadline. Retrieved 14 July 2021. "Harry & Meghan: An African Journey - Full Documentary - FFTV". Daily Motion. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2021. Ritschel, Chelsea (13 August 2020). "Rising Phoenix: Prince Harry to appear in Netflix documentary about the Paralympic Games". The Independent. Retrieved 9 May 2022. Ship, Chris (16 February 2021). "Exclusive: Harry and Meghan agree to Oprah Winfrey interview which could lift lid on departure from Royal Family". ITV News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021. D'Addario, Daniel (20 May 2021). "Prince Harry and Oprah Winfrey Unite on 'The Me You Can't See'". Variety. Retrieved 21 May 2021. Petit, Stephanie (19 December 2022). "Meghan Markle and Prince Harry Announce New Netflix Project Inspired by Nelson Mandela". People. Retrieved 19 December 2022. Romualdi, Melissa (19 December 2022). "Prince Harry Is Scheduled For Another Sit-Down Interview To Promote His Tell-All Memoir 'Spare'". ET Canada. Retrieved 25 December 2022. Kindelan, Katie (5 January 2023). "Prince Harry to speak about his memoir 'Spare' in interview with Michael Strahan". Good Morning America. Retrieved 5 January 2023. Jeffery, Morgan (12 January 2023). "Netflix announces new World Cup 2022 and Six Nations docuseries". Radio Times. Retrieved 12 January 2023. Further reading Bower, Tom (2022). Revenge: Meghan, Harry and the War Between the Windsors. London: Blink Publishing. ISBN 978-1788705035. Campbell, Lady Colin (2020). Meghan and Harry: The Real Story. London: Dynasty Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1643136752. Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (2023). Spare. London: Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0593593806. Lacey, Robert (2020). Battle of Brothers: William, Harry and the Inside Story of a Family in Tumult. London: William Collins. ISBN 978-0008408527. Levin, Angela (2018). Harry: Conversations with the Prince. London: John Blake. ISBN 978-1789460025. Scobie, Omid; Durand, Carolyn (2020). Finding Freedom: Harry and Meghan and the Making of A Modern Royal Family. London: Dey Street Books. ISBN 978-0063046108. External links The Duke of Sussex at the official website of the British royal family The Duke of Sussex at the website of the Government of Canada Prince Harry at IMDb Appearances on C-SPAN Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex House of Windsor Born: 15 September 1984 Lines of succession Preceded by Prince Louis of Wales Succession to the British throne 5th in line Followed by Archie Mountbatten-Windsor Peerage of the United Kingdom Vacant 1st creation extinct in 1843 Title last held by Prince Augustus Frederick Duke of Sussex 2nd creation 2018–present Incumbent Heir apparent: Archie Mountbatten-Windsor Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom Preceded by The Prince of Wales Gentlemen The Duke of Sussex Followed by Prince George of Wales vte Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex 15 September 1984 (age 38) Titles Duke of SussexEarl of DumbartonBaron Kilkeel Family Meghan Markle (wife)Archie Mountbatten-Windsor (son)Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor (daughter)Charles III (father)Diana Spencer (mother)William, Prince of Wales (brother) Events and charities Concert for DianaWedding guestsOverseas visitsInvictus GamesSentebaleMegxitSussex Royal Markle Windsor FoundationArchewell Popular culture Film and television Concert for Diana (2007)Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007)The Taking of Prince Harry (2010)I Wanna Marry "Harry" (2014)The Windsors (TV series, 2016–2020; play, 2021)Harry & Meghan: A Royal Romance (2018)Harry & Meghan: Becoming Royal (2019)Spitting Image (2020–)The Crown (TV series, seasons 4–6, 2020–)Oprah with Meghan and Harry (2021)The Me You Can't See (2021)Harry & Meghan: Escaping the Palace (2021)The Prince (2021)Harry & Meghan (2022)Live to Lead (2022)Harry: The Interview (2023) Books Finding FreedomSpare Links to related articles vte Order of precedence in the United Kingdom (gentlemen) Shared (royal family) The KingThe Prince of Wales (in Scotland: the Duke of Rothesay)The Duke of Sussex (in Scotland: the Earl of Dumbarton)Prince George of WalesPrince Louis of WalesArchie Mountbatten-WindsorThe Duke of York (in Scotland: the Earl of Inverness)The Earl of Wessex (in Scotland: the Earl of Forfar)Viscount SevernPeter PhillipsThe Duke of GloucesterThe Duke of KentThe Earl of SnowdonPrince Michael of Kent England and Wales Justin Welby, Archbishop of CanterburyDominic Raab, Lord ChancellorStephen Cottrell, Archbishop of YorkRishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United KingdomSir Lindsay Hoyle, Speaker of the House of CommonsThe Lord McFall of Alcluith, Lord SpeakerThe Lord Reed of Allermuir, President of the Supreme Court of the United KingdomThe Lord Burnett of Maldon, Lord Chief Justice of England and WalesThe Lord True, Lord Privy SealAmbassadors and High CommissionersThe Baron Carrington, Lord Great ChamberlainThe Duke of Norfolk, Earl MarshalThe Earl of Dalhousie, Lord StewardThe Lord Parker of Minsmere, Lord ChamberlainThe Lord de Mauley, Master of the Horse Scotland Lord LieutenantsSheriffs PrincipalDominic Raab, Lord High ChancellorIain Greenshields, Moderator of the General AssemblyRishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United KingdomAlister Jack, Secretary of State for ScotlandThe Earl of Erroll, Lord High Constable of ScotlandThe Duke of Argyll, Master of the Household in Scotland Northern Ireland Lords Lieutenant of counties and citiesHigh sheriffs of countiesJohn McDowell, Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland)Eamon Martin, Archbishop of Armagh (Roman Catholic)Dermot Farrell, Archbishop of Dublin (Roman Catholic)Michael Jackson, Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)Rt Rev Dr John Kirkpatrick, Moderator of the Presbyterian ChurchLord Mayor of Belfast and Mayors of boroughs in Northern IrelandDominic Raab, Lord High ChancellorRishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United KingdomSir Lindsay Hoyle, Commons SpeakerThe Lord McFall of Alcluith, Lord SpeakerThe Baron Carrington, Lord Great ChamberlainThe Duke of Norfolk, Earl MarshalThe Earl of Dalhousie, Lord StewardThe Lord Parker of Minsmere, Lord ChamberlainThe Lord de Mauley, Master of the Horse not including short-term appointments, visiting dignitaries and most peers vte British princes The generations indicate descent from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British royal family. 1st generation King George II 2nd generation Frederick, Prince of WalesPrince George WilliamPrince William, Duke of Cumberland 3rd generation King George IIIPrince Edward, Duke of York and AlbanyPrince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and EdinburghPrince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and StrathearnPrince Frederick 4th generation King George IVPrince Frederick, Duke of York and AlbanyKing William IVPrince Edward, Duke of Kent and StrathearnKing Ernest Augustus of HanoverPrince Augustus Frederick, Duke of SussexPrince Adolphus, Duke of CambridgePrince OctaviusPrince AlfredPrince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh 5th generation Prince Albert1King George V of HanoverPrince George, Duke of Cambridge 6th generation King Edward VIIPrince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and StrathearnPrince Leopold, Duke of AlbanyPrince Ernest Augustus 7th generation Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and AvondaleKing George VPrince Alexander John of WalesAlfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Arthur of ConnaughtPrince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince George William of HanoverPrince Christian of HanoverPrince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 8th generation King Edward VIIIKing George VIPrince Henry, Duke of GloucesterPrince George, Duke of KentPrince JohnAlastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and StrathearnJohann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and GothaPrince Ernest Augustus of HanoverPrince George William of Hanover 9th generation Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh2Prince William of GloucesterPrince Richard, Duke of GloucesterPrince Edward, Duke of KentPrince Michael of Kent 10th generation King Charles IIIPrince Andrew, Duke of YorkPrince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Forfar 11th generation William, Prince of WalesPrince Harry, Duke of SussexJames Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn3 12th generation Prince George of WalesPrince Louis of WalesArchie Mountbatten-Windsor3 1 Not a British prince by birth, but created Prince Consort. 2 Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom. 3 Status debatable; see James, Viscount Severn#Titles and styles and Archie Mountbatten-Windsor#Title, styles and succession for details. Princes that lost their title and status or did not use the title are shown in italics. vte Current dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland Current title holders, listed by date of creation, from earliest to most recent Royal dukes Prince William, Duke of Cornwall, Rothesay and CambridgePrince Harry, Duke of SussexPrince Andrew, Duke of YorkPrince Richard, Duke of GloucesterPrince Edward, Duke of Kent Coronet of a British Duke.svg England Kingdom of England Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of NorfolkJohn Seymour, 19th Duke of SomersetCharles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of RichmondHenry FitzRoy, 12th Duke of GraftonHenry Somerset, 12th Duke of BeaufortMurray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St AlbansAndrew Russell, 15th Duke of BedfordPeregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of DevonshireJames Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of MarlboroughDavid Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland Scotland Kingdom of Scotland Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of HamiltonRichard Scott, 10th Duke of BuccleuchCharles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of LennoxRichard Scott, 12th Duke of QueensberryTorquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of ArgyllBruce Murray, 12th Duke of AthollJames Graham, 8th Duke of MontroseCharles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of BrandonAlexander Montagu, 13th Duke of ManchesterRalph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland Ireland Kingdom of Ireland Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of LeinsterJames Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn United Kingdom United Kingdom Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of WellingtonFrancis Egerton, 7th Duke of SutherlandHugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of WestminsterCharles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of GordonTorquhil Campbell, 6th Duke of ArgyllDavid Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife Italics indicate the duke also holds a previously listed dukedom of greater precedence vte NAACP Image Award – President's Award Ella Fitzgerald (1987)Rev. Jesse Jackson (1988)Jheryl Busby (1989)Antoinette Stroman & Ryan White (1990)Kent Amos & Carmen Amos (1996)Bryant Gumbel (1997)Alexis Herman (1998)Lauryn Hill (1999)Tavis Smiley & Tom Joyner (2000)Bill Clinton (2001)Condoleezza Rice (2002)Venus & Serena Williams (2003)T. D. Jakes (2004)Susan L. Taylor (2006)Soledad O'Brien (2007)Ruby Dee (2008)Muhammad Ali (2009)Van Jones (2010)Colin Powell (2011)Black Stuntmen's Association (2012)Kerry Washington (2013)Spike Lee (2015)John Legend (2016)Lonnie Bunch (2017)Danny Glover (2018)Jay-Z (2019)Rihanna (2020)LeBron James (2021)Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex & Meghan, duch*ess of Sussex (2022) It was one of the most searing images of the twentieth century: two young boys, two princes, walking behind their mother's coffin as the world watched in sorrow-and horror. As Princess Diana was laid to rest, billions wondered what Prince William and Prince Harry must be thinking and feeling-and how their lives would play out from that point on. For Harry, this is that story at last. Before losing his mother, twelve-year-old Prince Harry was known as the carefree one, the happy-go-lucky Spare to the more serious Heir. Grief changed everything. He struggled at school, struggled with anger, with loneliness-and, because he blamed the press for his mother's death, he struggled to accept life in the spotlight. At twenty-one, he joined the British Army. The discipline gave him structure, and two combat tours made him a hero at home. But he soon felt more lost than ever, suffering from post-traumatic stress and prone to crippling panic attacks. Above all, he couldn't find true love. Then he met Meghan. The world was swept away by the couple's cinematic romance and rejoiced in their fairy-tale wedding. But from the beginning, Harry and Meghan were preyed upon by the press, subjected to waves of abuse, racism, and lies. Watching his wife suffer, their safety and mental health at risk, Harry saw no other way to prevent the tragedy of history repeating itself but to flee his mother country. Over the centuries, leaving the Royal Family was an act few had dared. The last to try, in fact, had been his mother. . . . For the first time, Prince Harry tells his own story, chronicling his journey with raw, unflinching honesty. A landmark publication, Spare is full of insight, revelation, self-examination, and hard-won wisdom about the eternal power of love over grief. Explore the best selling books right now to quickly and easily decide what to read next based on what everyone else is loving at the moment. best seller stand at bookstore It can actually be tough to figure out what books are best sellers right now because the various retailers and sources use varied metrics plus often break the lists down into different categories. So, what I have done is scoured the following lists of the most popular books right now to figure out which books were most common to all of these sources: Amazon Barnes & Noble Bookshop.org Libro.fm New York Times Publishers Weekly Target USA Today Get Freebies! You deserve a literary lifestyle that's fun and easy. And I can help. Join 750,000+ monthly readers and get your exclusive content right in your inbox. First Name (optional) Your Email... I WANT IT! I consent to receiving emails and personalized ads. It actually became quickly clear which books rose to the top overall, and that’s exactly what you’ll find below. A few important things to note: First, I ONLY included adult titles, both fiction and nonfiction, based on what I believe readers of this website are most likely looking for in this type of article. And, when in doubt, I gave a bit more weight to the list of Publishers Weekly, which is based on the data of NPD BookScan, which covers about 85 percent of trade print books sold in the United States through direct reporting from major retailers. Additionally, I will keep this list of the top selling books right now as updated as possible over time. You can always check the “last updated” date at the top of this post for reference. This list begins with the ten best books right now based on an analysis of the resources cited above, followed by the ten best selling books right now on The Literary Lifestyle. I always keep track of what books that readers of this site are buying most often so I can recommend these popular books more often to readers, who are likely similar in taste. And I thought this particular combination of data would be a helpful resource for readers to refer back to over time. There’s some overlap in the two groupings, but I think that’s a good thing because it can help you further see what books are the most universally “hot” at this time. The goal here is simply to help you find a great book to read next based on the most trending books right now. Table of Contents Top 10 Best Selling Books Right Now Below are the top ten best selling books (fiction and nonfiction) based on an analysis of data from major retailers and resources (in alphabetical order): Atomic Habits by James Clear: Perhaps the New Year (and the resolutions that come with it) has given an added boost to this mega-bestselling self-help book that’s been the “habits Bible,” so to speak, for several years now. Atomic Habits is a must-read for everyone that’s filled with both insightful and truly practical advice to actually make positive changes in your life. Demon Copperhead by Barbara Kingsolver: This recent Oprah’s Book Club selection hails from a popular author, and it’s premised upon the work of another bestselling author. Based on David Copperfield by Charles Dickens, this particular story is set in modern-day Appalachia, and it’s at the top of my wish list. Fairy Tale by Stephen King: The latest work of the masterful King has been a massive hit with fans since its release in September 2022. It’s a classic story of good versus evil in a parallel world, which has implications in the real world. I’m Glad My Mom Died by Jennette McCurdy: It’s hard to deny the popularity of this former Nickelodeon star’s memoir of her stage mom and everything from eating disorders to child predators. Yes, it really is THAT good. You’ll turn the last page wanting to talk to someone about it ASAP. It Ends With Us by Colleen Hoover: This BookTok sensation (and best selling Colleen Hoover book) is the emotional, raw, and real love story of Lily, a woman trapped in a bad relationship, thinking about a more protective man from her past. While it’s as fast-paced as all of Hoover’s books, the dramatic situations and plot twists Lily faces make it all the more gripping. (Also bestselling is It Starts With Us by Colleen Hoover: This is the second book in the It Ends With Us book series.) Lessons in Chemistry by Bonnie Garmus: This GMA book club pick was also one of my top reads of 2022, and it was also a really fantastic debut novel, both fresh and engaging, as it follows the life of Elizabeth Zott, a 1960s chemist whose unpredictable life leads her to become a single mother and the star of a cooking show, where she changes the status quo. The Light We Carry by Michelle Obama: This former First Lady is a pillar of strength in many ways and, in this book, she draws upon her experiences to overcome all kinds of obstacles, find strength and confidence, and make meaningful changes in our lives and communities. If you still “go high” when others go low, based on her advice, you will likely love this book. Spare by Prince Harry: This memoir had the best selling first week of a nonfiction book EVER in January 2023. It’s best listened on audio, as he himself narrates his own very personal and unprecedented story of grief, fame, royalty, family dysfunction, and true love. Is it worth it? 100% yes. Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow by Gabrielle Zevin: This Fallon Book Club pick received several “Book of the Year” awards, including my own. It’s the epic saga of friendship and video games that will leave you breathless. And, trust me, you do NOT need to like video games in order to love this masterpiece! Verity by Colleen Hoover: My personal favorite of Colleen Hoover’s books is this twisted and jaw-dropping thriller about a woman hired to ghostwrite for a bestselling author, who has been severely injured and has left behind what appears to be either a factual letter or fictional manuscript detailing a very sinister story. It will shock you and then leave you debating whether it was real. Top 10 Best Selling Books Right Now on The Literary Lifestyle Below are the ten best-selling books right now with readers of this website. Most readers are women of all ages from the United States. However, a few of these books have also become popular as some of my favorite books for men. In addition to the books already referenced above, below are a few more details about the books unique to this listing: Beneath a Scarlet Sky by Mark Sullivan: This harrowing World War II novel is based on a true story and set in the Italian alps, following a young man who helps Jews escape, then is forced to enlist as a German soldier. It’s a must-read for fans (both men and women) of historical fiction and fans of The Nightingale. November 9 by Colleen Hoover: This romance novel explores the relationship between two young adults, a writer and his muse, who was scarred in a house fire, over the course of five November 9s, a day on which they agree to reconnect each year. But there’s so much more to the significance of this date in both of their lives, and the truth may make them or break them. I personally loved this book of hers! Regretting You by Colleen Hoover: This Hoover novel is less romantic than her other novels, but rather it feels more like an exploration of grief and family. It was less explicit as well. I really liked this one too! Reminders of Him by Colleen Hoover: In this Hoover novel, a woman released from prison struggles to reconnect with her daughter and rebuild her life, when she meets a local bar owner who offers her hope. It’s one of the more gripping and emotionally complex love stories she’s written, with themes of grief, redemption, and forgiveness. Shoe Dog by Phil Knight: This memoir of the founder of Nike delights readers, both male and female, for its honest and engaging story behind one of the world’s most famous brands. I don’t know anyone who didn’t like it and, in fact, it’s my husband’s favorite book. Ugly Love by Colleen Hoover: If you like the more emotional, heart-tugging books by Colleen Hoover, you will probably like Ugly Love. It’s a “no strings attached” relationship that becomes complicated when one person wants more and the other is coping with an incredibly painful past. The duch*ess of Sussex, born Rachel Meghan Markle, married Prince Harry at St George's Chapel, Windsor in May 2018. The Duke and duch*ess have two children, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor and Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor. As announced in January 2020, The Duke and duch*ess have stepped back as senior members of The Royal Family. They are balancing their time between the United Kingdom and North America, continuing to honour their duty to The Queen, the Commonwealth, and their patronages. Frogmore Cottage in the UK remains their family home. The duch*ess will continue to support a number of charitable causes and organisations which reflect the issues with which she has long been associated including the arts, access to education, support for women and animal welfare. The duch*ess’ official titles are The duch*ess of Sussex, Countess of Dumbarton and Baroness Kilkeel. 11 Ways Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s Wedding Made History Morgan CutoloMorgan Cutolo Updated: Jan. 13, 2023 The Duke and duch*ess of Sussex broke tradition in a number of ways when they became husband and wife. 1 / 12 Britain Royal Wedding, Windsor, United Kingdom - 19 May 2018ANDREW MATTHEWS/AP/SHUTTERSTOCK A wedding for the ages The news in January 2020 that Prince Harry and Meghan Markle were “stepping back” from their royal duties was a bittersweet and confusing piece of news for fans of the couple and of the royal family in general. But though the pair aren’t senior royals anymore, their show-stopping wedding on May 19, 2018, was as royal an affair as any. In addition to being beautiful and star-studded, the wedding also made history in a number of ways. 2 / 12 Meghan MarkleBERETTA/SHUTTERSTOCK Markle is an American In November 2017, Meghan Markle became the first American to be officially engaged to a British royal. A few other firsts the duch*ess checks off: She is a woman of color, divorced, a well-known actor, and was raised Catholic. Markle was baptized and confirmed in the Church of England in March 2018. ADVERTIsem*nT ADVERTIsem*nT 3 / 12 Prince William the Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton the duch*ess of Cambridge at Westminster Abbey On April 29 2011 in London EnglandTOM BUCHANAN/SHUTTERSTOCK It fell on a weekend Meghan Markle and Prince Harry exchanged vows on May 19, 2018, which broke a couple royal traditions. To start, the wedding was on a Saturday. In the past, royal weddings have typically been held on a weekday. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip got married on a Thursday, Prince Charles and Princess Diana on a Wednesday, and Prince William and Kate Middleton on a Friday. Also, the wedding was held on the same day as Britain’s historic soccer cup competition, the Emirates FA Final Cup. Prince William is the president of the Football Association and usually makes an appearance at the Final Cup. But in 2018, we guess he had other events to attend! 4 / 12 The Duke and duch*ess of Cambridge's royal wedding cakeREX/SHUTTERSTOCK The cake was untraditional Harry and Meghan’s choice of cake—a lemon elderflower-flavored concoction with buttercream frosting—broke royal tradition in more ways than one. Multi-tiered fruitcake has typically been the wedding cake choice of royal couples before them. The tiers of the cake, baked by East London baker Claire Ptak, were on their own separate stands, rather than the traditional stacked tiers of royal wedding cakes past. 5 / 12 Dated, Britain's Prince Harry and his fiancee Meghan Markle pose for photographers in the grounds of Kensington Palace in London, following the announcement of their engagement. Speculation is mounting over who will be invited to the May 19, 2018, royal wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, with pundits guessing about the wedding guest listMATT DUNHAM/SHUTTERSTOCK It wasn’t a holiday When Prince Harry and Markle announced their engagement, the British government told the public that there “isn’t a precedent in this area” for a bank holiday to be declared for the royal wedding. The date, however, fell on a Saturday, so crowds were still able to gather to celebrate the royal nuptials. ADVERTIsem*nT ADVERTIsem*nT 6 / 12 WINDSOR, ENGLAND, UK - JULY 7: St George’s Chapel, built in the 14th century a place of worship for Queen Elizabeth II and the burial place of her mother, Queen Elizabeth as seen on July 7, 2017.JILLIAN CAIN PHOTOGRAPHY/SHUTTERSTOCK It didn’t have the same grandeur Yes, in comparison to your average wedding, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s wedding was still grand. But compared to other royal weddings, it was much more low-key. Since Prince Harry is sixth in line to the throne, there was less pressure for him to have a particularly traditional wedding. It was held in St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle just outside of London, which is a little quainter than Westminster Abbey, where Prince William and Kate Middeton were wed. Don’t miss these secrets about Windsor Castle you never knew. 7 / 12 On the balcony of Buckingham Palace Prince Charles and Princess Diana kiss on their wedding dayREGINALD DAVIS/SHUTTERSTOCK There was no balcony kiss Many recently married royal couples have kissed on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. However, because their ceremony took place in Windsor, England, the couple did not make the hourlong trip back to London and Buckingham Palace to capture this classic royal moment. Instead, the two shared their first kiss as a married couple just outside St. George’s Chapel. 8 / 12 The wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, Buckingham Palace, London, Britain - 29 Apr 2011JAMES MORGAN/SHUTTERSTOCK There was no procession through London You probably noticed this iconic royal event didn’t happen either. Because the couple did not return to London after the ceremony, there was no procession through the U.K. capital for the public to congratulate them—instead, there was a procession through Windsor directly after the ceremony at 1 p.m. local time. Find out the special flower that must be included in every royal wedding bouquet. ADVERTIsem*nT ADVERTIsem*nT 9 / 12 Crowds gather ahead of a visit by Prince Harry and Meghan Markle to Edinburgh Castle.REX/SHUTTERSTOCK Members of the public were invited Harry and Meghan wanted the public to feel as though they were a part of the celebration as much as possible—so they invited 2,640 members of the public to watch them arrive and depart from St. George’s Chapel. Those lucky enough to be chosen to attend the royal wedding were allowed onto the grounds of the castle for the nuptials but not in the chapel itself. 10 / 12 Marriage Of Prince William To Catherine duch*ess of Cambridge At Westminster Abbey London. Pic Shows: Tim Laurence Prince Edward Countess Of Wessex Princess Eugenie Prince Andrew And Princess Beatrice. The Royal Wedding Of Prince William Of Wales To Catherine duch*ess of Cambridge (kate Middleton) On 29th April 2011. Now Duke And Catherine duch*ess of Cambridge. Pic Bruce Adams / Copy English - 29.4.11BRUCE ADAMS/SHUTTERSTOCK There weren’t many dignitaries as guests According to royal sources speaking to Vanity Fair, the wedding was planned to be a family affair, not an official state occasion. Because of this, the royal couple did not feel as much pressure to invite global dignitaries, members of foreign royal families, or politicians. There were still a lot of important and well-known people in attendance but definitely not as many as William and Kate’s wedding. Don’t miss these bizarre perks of the royal family. 11 / 12 royal-wedding-9685437as-REX-ShutterstockREX/SHUTTERSTOCK There were many more celebrities in attendance Given Markle’s career, she chose to invite many of her celebrity friends to the royal wedding. She is very close with stars such as Priyanka Chopra Jonas, Serena Williams, and her Suits co-star Patrick J. Adams, all of whom attended her nuptials. Oprah Winfrey, George and Amal Clooney, and David and Victoria Beckham also made appearances. And despite speculation that he hadn’t received an invitation, Sir Elton John was in the crowd, accompanied by his husband, David Furnish. Prince Harry, Meghan Markle and Elton John happen to be close friends. Find out the reason Harry and Meghan had to return most of their wedding gifts. ADVERTIsem*nT ADVERTIsem*nT 12 / 12 Prince Charles and Camilla duch*ess of Cornwall visit to Athens, Greece - 09 May 2018JOHN LIAKOS/SHUTTERSTOCK Meghan’s father did not escort her down the aisle Meghan Markle was certainly not afraid to do her wedding her own way. She had every intention of having her father, Thomas Markle, walk her down the aisle, but because of poor health, he was unable to attend the royal wedding. Instead, Prince Charles—Harry’s father—escorted Meghan to the altar. She walked down the aisle unescorted until she reached the Quire (where the main royal guests were seated), and Prince Charles joined her there. In the past, royal brides have sometimes chosen someone other than their fathers to walk them down the aisle, but walking the first part solo is definitely a first. Don’t miss these other tiny details you probably missed at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s wedding Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, elder daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, was born in London on 21st April 1926. After the abdication of Edward VIII in 1936 her father, who was Duke of York, became King. Her sister Princess Margaret, her children Prince Andrew and Princess Anne, and her grandson Prince William were all married in Westminster Abbey. She was the first sovereign to reach the Sapphire Jubilee of her coronation and in 2015 she became the longest-reigning British monarch. Later she became the world's longest-reigning sovereign and the first to celebrate a Platinum Jubilee in 2022. The reigning monarch is Sovereign of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (the Order has its chapel in the Abbey). In 2018 she opened The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries, a display of treasures and historical items in the Abbey triforium. In September 2018 a new stained-glass window, designed by David Hockney, was unveiled in the north transept. In vivid colours this represents the Yorkshire countryside and celebrates the reign of Elizabeth II. At services in the church the Sovereign and consort nearly always sit in specially made chairs presented by the Canada Club. As the Abbey, or Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster, is a Royal Peculiar it has ecclesiastical independence and is under the direct governance of the Sovereign, who is called the Visitor. (Services to mark the various Jubilees during her reign were held at St Paul's Cathedral). Marriage Princess Elizabeth was married on 20th November 1947 to Prince Philip of Greece, (H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh). She was the tenth royal bride to be married in Westminster Abbey. The bells of St Margaret's church hailed the arrival of the carriage procession. The ceremony started at 11.30am, the bride having arrived in the Irish State Coach from Buckingham Palace with her father. For austerity reasons, after years of war, very little extra seating was provided and about 2,000 guests attended. The wedding dress was designed by Norman Hartnell and made of ivory silk decorated with 10,000 pearls (obtained from America). The star patterned train, woven in Braintree, Essex, was 15 feet (4.6m) long. The bouquet consisted of white orchids with a sprig of myrtle from a bush grown by Prince Albert at Osborne House. The veil was held in place by a diamond fringe tiara, lent by the Queen. The bride's procession, with eight bridesmaids (Princess Margaret, Princess Alexandra, Lady Mary Cambridge, Lady Elizabeth Lambart, Hon.Margaret Elphinstone, Lady Caroline Montagu-Douglas-Scott, Lady Pamela Mountbatten and Diana Bowes-Lyon) and two pages (Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Michael of Kent), entered the Abbey to a fanfare specially composed by Sir Arnold Bax and the hymn "Praise my soul, the King of Heaven". The bridegroom, Lt. Philip Mountbatten, son of Prince Andrew of Greece, had already entered the Abbey quietly by the Poets' Corner door with his groomsman Lord Milford Haven. He was dressed in naval uniform. In contrast to later royal weddings the only flowers in the Abbey were in large vases either side of the High Altar (white lilies and chrysanthemums, pink carnations, roses, variegated ivy and camellia foliage). The Altar was hung with the white dorsal given in 1911 by King George V and Queen Mary for their coronation and the 1937 coronation frontal given by the Princess' parents. The Abbey plate was displayed on the altar. The King and Queen took their seats on the south side of the Sanctuary with royalty from overseas on both sides. The Prime Minister (Mr Clement Attlee), politicians (including Winston Churchill) and other officials were seated in the choir stalls, with distinguished guests and overseas representatives in the nave. Other special guests occupied the transepts and the BBC and Palace staff were high up in the triforium. The Dean of Westminster, Dr Alan Don, read the opening sentences of the service according to the 1662 Book of Common Prayer and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Geoffrey Fisher, by permission of the Dean, conducted the remainder of the ceremony. Psalm 67 (God be merciful unto us and bless us) was sung to a setting by E.C.Bairstow and later the motet "We wait for thy loving kindness, O God" by Dr William McKie, Organist and Master of the Choristers of the Abbey, was sung before the address given by the Archbishop of York, Dr Garbett. The choir was seated in the organ loft and conducted by Dr McKie. The Abbey's Sub Organist Osborne Peasgood played the organ before and after the service and Dr William Harris played for the two anthems. The hymn "The Lord's my shepherd" (to the then relatively unknown Scottish tune Crimond, with a descant composed by Dr Baird Ross) followed and after a fanfare (again by Bax) and the National Anthem the royal couple passed into St Edward's Chapel, behind the Altar, to sign the register, with immediate members of the family. The bride's wedding ring was fashioned from a nugget of Welsh gold that had been given to her mother for her ring. The anthem "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" by S.S.Wesley was sung by the Abbey choir augmented with members of the choirs of the Chapel Royal and St George's Chapel Windsor plus additional tenors and basses (ninety one singers altogether). After signing the register the royal couple's procession made its way out of the Abbey to Mendelssohn's Wedding March (they were led by the Abbey's sub-sacrist Evelyn Foote). The King allowed only the procession to be filmed and only still photography was permitted during the actual service. The Grave of the Unknown Warrior was the only stone that was not covered by the special carpet. The day after the wedding Princess Elizabeth followed a royal tradition started by her mother of sending her wedding bouquet back to the Abbey to be laid on this grave. The royal couple attended thanksgiving services at the Abbey to commemorate their Silver, Golden and Diamond wedding anniversaries. Their Platinum anniversary in 2017 was celebrated privately at Windsor Castle. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh He was the son of Prince Andrew of Greece (who was born a Prince of Denmark and was descended from the Kings of Greece, Denmark and Prussia as well as Emperors of Russia) and Princess Alice of Battenberg [later Mountbatten], and was born in Corfu on 10th June 1921. His grandmother was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. He was educated in France, England and Scotland and served with distinction in the Royal Navy during the Second World War. After the marriage, the couple lived for a while in Malta where he was posted. In 1956 he set up the Duke of Edinburgh Award. He was President and Chairman of the Westminster Abbey Trust, set up in 1973, to raise funds for the restoration of the exterior of the Abbey. To mark the restoration of the west towers a small stone head of the Duke was carved, with others, high on the north west tower in 1991. This amusing piece shows him wearing his coronet and holding a model of a yacht and a hobby horse, reflecting two of his many interests. The Duke was involved with a great many charities and organisations until his retirement from royal duties and was created GCVO by the Queen. He died on 9 April 2021 aged 99. The Abbey bell tolled 99 times in his memory and a requiem Eucharist was held on the eve of the funeral. The funeral was on 17 April 2021 at St George's Chapel Windsor Castle where the Duke is buried. A memorial service was held in the Abbey on 29 March 2022. Further reading for the wedding The Order of Service (PDF, 922 KB) Sermon preached at the Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip of Greece (PDF, 3.68MB) Golden wedding anniversary - The Order of Service (PDF, 955KB) Diamond wedding anniversary - The Order of Service (PDF, 87KB) Website of the Prayer Book Society for text of 1662 prayer book Elizabeth and Philip 20 November 1947 by Val Horsler, National Archives 2007 Five Gold Rings. A royal wedding souvenir album from Q. Victoria to Queen Elizabeth II Royal Collection publication 2007 The Queen's wedding - chorister recollections in Westminster Abbey Chorister, Winter 2007 Seventieth wedding anniversary - problems in the planning stages for the 1947 wedding in Westminster Abbey Review, Winter 2016 The Coronation Preparations On 6th February 1952, Princess Elizabeth was watching wildlife in Kenya when she heard that her father, George VI, had died. She immediately returned home, now as Queen Elizabeth II. Planning for her coronation was soon underway and Tuesday 2nd June 1953 was the date set for the ceremony. All arrangements for coronations are made by the Earl Marshal and his Coronation Committee on behalf of the Crown. On 1st January 1953, the Abbey was closed to the public and preparations to transform the church began. A 200-strong labour force, under the supervision of the government department known as the Ministry of Works, began building the 'theatre' (where the throne for the Homage is placed) under the lantern, tiered seating for 8,251 guests in the transepts and nave, the Royal Gallery, staircases, and the annexe outside the west entrance (a space in which to marshal the long processions before the service). The annexe, designed by Eric Bedford, was a glass fronted construction with models of the ten Queen's Beasts on the outside (the Lion of England, the Griffin of Edward III, the Falcon of the Plantagenets, the black Bull of Clarence, the white Lion of Mortimer, the Beaufort Yale, the white greyhound of Richmond, the red Dragon of Wales, the Unicorn of Scotland and the white Horse of Hanover). These were designed by James Woodford and made only of clay and plaster. The Abbey floor was covered with felt and a thick wooden floor and monuments were wrapped up in felt and boarded over. A railway line was laid down the nave and into the transepts in order that all the scaffolding and wood for construction could be transported around the church. The floor level in the lantern was raised to be the same height as the altar pavement to make the Theatre area. Furnishings and vestments Meanwhile, in Glasgow, at the firm of James Templeton & Co, thirty-one carpets of chenille Axminster, totalling an area of 2,964 square yards, were being made (they also made carpets for the 1937 and 1911 coronations). Blue carpet was laid in the nave (88 feet 6 inches long and 17 feet wide) and quire (except over the grave of the Unknown Warrior) and gold carpet was laid in the 'theatre' and High Altar area. In Bradford, at Listers Mills, 4,000 yards of blue velvet was woven to cover 2,000 chairs and 5,700 stools, made of oak and beech, for the congregation. It took ten weeks to weave by hand twenty yards of purple velvet for the Queen's coronation robe. There were 1,500 yards of silk needed for the hangings that would adorn the Abbey seating stands. The Queen's velvet robes, robes for the Peers and the hangings were all made by Warner & Sons of Braintree, Essex. The hangings were called Queensway, designed by Robert Goodden. (After the ceremony the blue and gold hangings, used in front of the tiered seating, and the carpets were offered to churches or institutions throughout the UK and Commonwealth or auctioned off). As a gift from the Queen to mark her coronation five blue and gold silk copes, incorporating images of a lion and a unicorn on each, were made for the Dean and Chapter of Westminster to wear at the ceremony. The four Canons wore their copes at the service, whilst the Dean wore a cope made for Charles II's coronation. The Dean's cope and one of the blue copes can be seen in the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries at the Abbey. Dr Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury, who would crown the Queen, wore a richly embroidered cope of Japanese silk and brocade, made by the Brotherhood of St Andrew. By 20th May the construction works were finished and daily rehearsals, often attended by the Queen and the Royal Family, began. The first full music rehearsal with the 60-strong orchestra and 400-strong choir was held just one week beforehand. The sheer size of the orchestra and choir made it impossible for all to see the Director of Music's baton movements so two assistants were employed to relay Dr McKie's instructions. On 29th May the final full rehearsal was held using a set of replica regalia (now on view in the Galleries). On 1st June the priceless Coronation Regalia arrived at the Abbey from the Tower of London, to be placed, by tradition, in the Jerusalem Chamber within the Deanery in preparation for the ceremony the next day. By dusk that night the processional route between Buckingham Palace and the Abbey was already lined with half a million people. Coronation Day The Abbey doors opened at 6.00am and reporters and cameramen took up their positions in the Church. By 7.00am the guests began taking their seats. The Abbey choristers, who had been woken at 5.00 am, assembled for a final practice after breakfast. Hidden in their cassock pockets were a few small sandwiches and barley sugar sweets to keep them going during the long day. Orchestral music commenced at 8.55am. At 9.30am the Regalia Procession began when the Dean and Canons of Westminster left the Jerusalem Chamber to make their way to the High Altar with the two crowns, orb and other items. The consecration of the special oil was performed by Dr Woodward, Bishop of Gloucester (a former Canon of Westminster) and it was placed in the Ampulla, which is left on the altar with the anointing spoon. The Imperial State Crown was placed on the altar in St Edward the Confessor's chapel. It is here that the Queen would change crowns prior to the final procession. The clergy then made their way to the annexe at the west end to place those items of regalia required for the procession on the table there. At 10.15am the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh (wearing the full dress uniform of an Admiral of the Fleet) left Buckingham Palace in the Gold State Coach, bound for Westminster, arriving at 11.00am. The Queen wore the Diamond Diadem designed for George IV's coronation and the coronation necklace and earrings made in 1858 (and worn by queens' consort since 1902). Meanwhile, the Queen Mother's procession had made its way to the Royal Gallery on the south side of the High Altar overlooking the place of coronation. The High Altar was vested in the white frontal and dorsal given by George V and Queen Mary in 1911 (as the new blue silk damask Abbey frontal, with a design of many different flowers, was unfortunately not completed in time for the ceremony). The Queen entered the nave of the Abbey at 11.20am and the choirs sang the anthem "I was glad". At 12.34am she was crowned in the Coronation Chair with St Edward's Crown. At 1.28pm she entered St Edward's chapel to exchange crowns (the Imperial State Crown is lighter to wear) and change into the Robe of purple velvet for the final procession. Back in the annexe, a packed lunch was provided for the Queen's party in the retiring rooms (smoked salmon, foie gras, sausage rolls, cheese and biscuits). The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh left Westminster Abbey at 2.53pm and rode in the State Coach through the streets of London before returning to Buckingham Palace at 4.30pm. Coronation oil The anointing of the Sovereign has the deepest significance during a coronation. The recipe for the oil is secret but it contains oils of orange flowers, roses, jasmine and cinnamon. Under the authority of the Surgeon-Apothecary the oil for the 1953 coronation was made up at Savory and Moore Ltd by J.D. Jamieson, to a formula devised by Peter Squire. The consecration of the oil is arranged by the Dean of Westminster and performed by a bishop. Coronation Dress The Queen's coronation dress was made by Norman Hartnell (who had also made her wedding dress). It was of white satin with silk embroidered emblems of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth : rose (for England), thistle (Scotland), leek (Wales), shamrock (Ireland), lotus (Ceylon), protea (South Africa), wattle (Australia), wheat and jute (Pakistan), maple leaf (Canada) and fern (New Zealand). The silk came from a silk farm at Lullingstone in Kent (which also supplied silk for her wedding dress). Thousands of tiny seed pearls set in 'saucers' of silver covered the dress. The Queen Mother, Princess Margaret, the duch*ess of Kent, Princess Alexandra and the Queen's six Maids of Honour also had dresses by the same designer. The Maids of Honour were Lady Jane Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Lady Anne co*ke, Lady Moyra Hamilton, Lady Mary Baillie-Hamilton, Lady Jane Heathcote Drummond Willoughby and Lady Rosemary Spencer-Churchill. Coronation furniture Chairs for the peers and peeresses were made by B. North & Sons and W. Hands & Sons. The stools were made by B.North & Sons, Thomas Glenister Ltd., Castle Bros. (all firms in High Wycombe) and Waring & Gillow. The blue velvet coverings were made at Listers Mills in Bradford, Yorkshire. After the ceremony those who occupied the chairs and stools had the option to purchase them. Otherwise the Ministry of Works, who were responsible for commissioning all new furnishings for the coronation, put them up for auction to regain some of the costs of staging the coronation. Some of the Royal chairs were taken to Buckingham Palace. Coronation Bible The Holy Bible was specially bound by the firm of Sangorski & Sutcliffe in red goatskin with cream inlay, tooled in gold and black, and was designed by Lynton Lamb. There is a pattern of ER cyphers and crowns, around the central lozenge of the Queen's coat of arms. After the Archbishop administered the Oath to the Queen she went to kneel at the altar and laid her right hand on the Holy Gospel in the Bible saying 'The things which I have here before promised, I will perform and keep. So help me God.' She then kissed the Book and signed the Oath. On returning to her chair the Bible was delivered by the Dean of Westminster, Dr Alan Don, to the Archbishop and the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland who jointly presented it to her. First the Archbishop said 'Our gracious Queen: to keep your Majesty ever mindful of the Law and the Gospel of God as the Rule for the whole life and government of Christian Princes, we present you with this Book, the most valuable thing that this world affords.' The Moderator continued 'Here is Wisdom; This is the royal Law; These are the lively Oracles of God'. It was then placed back on the altar. Coronation flowers There were no floral displays within the Abbey itself, only in the annexe area. These were designed by Constance Spry, who flew in exotic blooms from Commonwealth countries, including a rare Malay orchid. On the drive to the Abbey the Queen carried the coronation bouquet, made up by Martin Longman. This white bouquet comprised orchids and lily of the valley from England, stephanotis from Scotland, carnations from Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man with additional orchids from Wales (this was not carried into the Abbey). Play performed While the special stands were still in place a play entitled Out of the Whirlwind by Christopher Hassall, was performed on weekday evenings from 10th June until 3rd July, in aid of the Westminster Abbey Appeal Fund. Portrait of Elizabeth II In 2013 the Abbey acquired an oil painting of Elizabeth II in her State dress and robe standing on the Cosmati pavement in the Abbey, by Ralph Heimans. This is on display in the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries. Silver Jubilee flower arrangement On the occasion of Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee in 1977, the National Association of Flower Arrangement Societies (NAFAS) placed a dried flower arrangement in a glass container beneath a stone in the east cloister, near the Chapter House. A small stone with a green lozenge and flower design marks the place. Golden Jubilee fountain in College Garden The Dean and Chapter commissioned a water jet fountain in College Garden in 2002 to mark the Golden Jubilee and a small rose garden was set up. Coronation anniversary chamber organ To mark the 60th anniversary of the Coronation in 2013 a new pipe organ was commissioned from Mander Organs for use in the Lady Chapel, notably for weddings as well as for use at other services held there. Presented by the Lord Mayor of London and the City of London Corporation. It has some surprise features such as nightingales, which pop out of the top of the case and revolve, and thunder pedals. 90th birthday flowers On the occasion of the Sovereign's official 90th birthday in June 2016 NAFAS flower arrangers set up a display outside St Margaret's church. (The thanksgiving service for this occasion took place at St Paul's Cathedral). Further reading for the coronation The full text of the 1953 Coronation service Music played at the Coronation (PDF, 14KB) Musicians who took part in the 1953 coronation (PDF, 484 KB) The Royal Family website The Coronation Bible is housed at Lambeth Palace Library, London. An identical copy given to the Queen is in the Royal Collection. The Coronation Oath is at the National Archives at Kew. DVD "A Queen is Crowned", colour film of the coronation narrated by Sir Laurence Olivier DVD "Happy and Glorious. The Royal Wedding 1947 and Coronation 1953 from original newsreels" CD "Music from the coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II" with the Westminster Abbey choir (available from the Shop) "The Queen's Coronation. The inside story" by James Wilkinson (2011) "Elizabeth crowned Queen. The pictorial record of the Coronation" (various contributors), Octopus Publishing, 2006 "The Queen's Coronation 1953. The official souvenir album", by Caroline de Guitaut, Royal Collection Trust 2013 "Coronation June 2 1953" by Conrad Frost, 1978 "When the Queen was Crowned" by Brian Barker, 1976 "The best of both worlds- a life of Sir William McKie" by Howard Hollis, 1990 (Sir William was in charge of the music at both the wedding and the coronation.) The scores for Zadok the Priest and Parry's I was Glad orchestrated by Gordon Jacob for the ceremony are in the Abbey Library (MS.64 and 65) "The year that made the day. How the BBC planned...coronation day broadcasts", issued by the British Broadcasting Corporation "The Coronation and the BBC – guide to the sound and television broadcasting", issued by the BBC "Coronation. A history of kingship and the British Monarchy" by Sir Roy Strong, 2005 "Music and ceremonial at British coronations from James I to Elizabeth II, by Matthias Range, 2012 "Queen Elizabeth and her Church: royal service at Westminster Abbey" by John Hall, 2012 "The Royal Encyclopedia" edited by R. Allison & S. Riddell, 1991 Elizabeth II: The Steadfast by Douglas Hurd English Monarchs Order of Service for A Service to mark the Fiftieth Anniversary of The Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Monday 2nd June 2003 Order of Service for A Service to Celebrate the 60th Anniversary of The Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Tuesday 4th June 2013 Funeral Queen Elizabeth II died on Thursday 8th September 2022 at Balmoral Castle in Scotland aged 96. She reigned for a total of 70 years and 214 days, making her the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Her son Charles, Prince of Wales ascended the throne as King Charles III. Her coffin, made of oak and lined with lead, was taken to St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh where a service was held and she lay at rest. Later the coffin was flown to London to rest in Buckingham Palace. A long procession, with the coffin draped in the Royal Standard on a gun carriage and followed by the King and members of his family, made its way to Westminster Hall within the Palace of Westminster for a four day lying in state. Many thousands filed past the coffin on which was placed the Imperial State Crown and the Orb and Sceptre, with a wreath. The catafalque was flanked at the four corners by candlesticks from the Abbey and its processional cross stood at the head of the coffin. The State Funeral, by the late Queen's own wish, took place at Westminster Abbey on Monday 19th September 2022 at 11.00am. This was the first State Funeral of a reigning monarch at the Abbey since that of George II in 1760 (they are now usually held at Windsor Castle). The new King, Charles III, the Prince of Wales and members of the Royal family followed the cortege, with the coffin pulled on a gun carriage by ratings from the Royal Navy, from Westminster Hall to the Abbey. The service was conducted by the Dean of Westminster, the Very Reverend Dr David Hoyle, with the Archbishop of Canterbury and other representative clergy taking part. The coffin was carried by eight Grenadier Guards and was placed in the lantern. The High Altar was vested in black. Many heads of state and overseas royalty attended. After the service the coffin, with a new wreath from the King on the top, was pulled in procession to the Wellington Arch at Hyde Park Corner and transferred to the royal hearse for the drive to St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle for a service. The late Queen was laid to rest in the vault in which her husband Prince Philip, her parents George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and sister Margaret had been buried.
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